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Whitman: A Study
Whitman: A Study

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Whitman: A Study is here in full — 381 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/76 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."
In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.
War, adventure, discovery, favor virility.
Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.
The scholar poets are occupied with that which makes for culture, taste, refinement, ease, art.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Whitman: A Study

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Whitman: A Study is here in full — 381 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/76 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."
Line 2
In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.
/ɪn mɔːr ˈprɪmətɪv kəˈmjuːnətiz ðə sæp ənd vaɪˈtæləti ʌv ðə reɪs wɜːr kept ɪn ðə best men bɪˈkɔːz əˈpɑːn ðem ðə streɪn ənd ˈstrʌɡəl wɜːr ˈɡreɪtəst/
Line 3
War, adventure, discovery, favor virility.
/wɔːr ædˈventʃər dɪˈskʌvəri ˈfeɪvər vərˈɪləti/
Line 4
Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.
Line 5
The scholar poets are occupied with that which makes for culture, taste, refinement, ease, art.
/ðə ˈskɒl.ər ˈpoʊəts ɑːr ˈɑːkjəpaɪd wɪð ðæt wɪtʃ meɪks fɔːr ˈkʌltʃər teɪst rəˈfaɪnmənt iːz ɑːrt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

communities noun US /kəˈmjuːnətiz/

plural of “community” — a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading “In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.”

fruition noun US /fruːˈɪʃən/

the condition of bearing fruit

From this reading “"Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."”

longevity noun US /lɔːnˈdʒevəti/

duration of service

From this reading “Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.”

refinement noun US /rəˈfaɪnmənt/

a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality

From this reading “The scholar poets are occupied with that which makes for culture, taste, refinement, ease, art.”

sap verb US /sæp/

deplete

From this reading “In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.”

virility noun US /vərˈɪləti/

the masculine property of being capable of copulation and procreation

From this reading “War, adventure, discovery, favor virility.”

vitality noun US /vaɪˈtæləti/

an energetic style

From this reading “In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.”

Whitman noun US /ˈwɪtmən/

United States poet who celebrated the greatness of America (1819-1892)

From this reading “Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

come forth verb + particle

come out of

In this reading “"Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."”

best men noun + noun

In this reading “In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

adventureverbUS /ædˈventʃər/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading War, adventure, discovery, favor virility.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The scholar poets are occupied with that which makes for culture, taste, refinement, ease, art.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading The scholar poets are occupied with that which makes for culture, taste, refinement, ease, art.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

communitiesnounUS /kəˈmjuːnətiz/

plural of “community” — a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

culturenounUS /ˈkʌltʃər/

a particular society at a particular time and place

From this reading The scholar poets are occupied with that which makes for culture, taste, refinement, ease, art.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading War, adventure, discovery, favor virility.

easeverbUS /iːz/

move gently or carefully

From this reading The scholar poets are occupied with that which makes for culture, taste, refinement, ease, art.

essencenounUS /ˈesəns/

the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

everywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.

favorverbUS /ˈfeɪvər/

promote over another

From this reading War, adventure, discovery, favor virility.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

fruitionnounUS /fruːˈɪʃən/

the condition of bearing fruit

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.

longevitynounUS /lɔːnˈdʒevəti/

duration of service

From this reading Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.

manlinessnoun

the trait of being manly; having the characteristics of an adult male

From this reading Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

poetsnounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

plural of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading The scholar poets are occupied with that which makes for culture, taste, refinement, ease, art.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.

primitiveadjectiveUS /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

refinementnounUS /rəˈfaɪnmənt/

a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality

From this reading The scholar poets are occupied with that which makes for culture, taste, refinement, ease, art.

sapverbUS /sæp/

deplete

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

scholarnounUS /ˈskɒl.ər/

A specialist in a particular branch of study; a distinguished student.

From this reading The scholar poets are occupied with that which makes for culture, taste, refinement, ease, art.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

strainnounUS /streɪn/

(physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading The scholar poets are occupied with that which makes for culture, taste, refinement, ease, art.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

virilitynounUS /vərˈɪləti/

the masculine property of being capable of copulation and procreation

From this reading War, adventure, discovery, favor virility.

vitalitynounUS /vaɪˈtæləti/

an energetic style

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading War, adventure, discovery, favor virility.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In more primitive communities, the sap and vitality of the race were kept in the best men, because upon them the strain and struggle were greatest.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "Now understand me well--it is provided in the essence of things that from any fruition of success, no matter what, shall come forth something to make a greater struggle necessary."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.

WhitmannounUS /ˈwɪtmən/

United States poet who celebrated the greatness of America (1819-1892)

From this reading Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Whitman is always and everywhere occupied with that which makes for life, power, longevity, manliness.

Chapter 7 of Whitman: A Study by John Burroughs holds 381 sentences, grouped into 77 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Whitman: A Study contain?

Chapter 7 holds 381 sentences of Whitman: A Study, unabridged, divided into 77 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Whitman: A Study by John Burroughs exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 381 sentences, grouped into 77 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Whitman: A Study?

Work through the 77 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 77 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Whitman: A Study

Common questions about reading Whitman: A Study by John Burroughs on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Whitman: A Study?

Yes. All 2698 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30342 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Whitman: A Study is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30342, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Whitman: A Study take to read?

About 224 minutes of reading across 540 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Whitman: A Study

Words and structures a reader meets early in Whitman: A Study, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Whitman: A Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Burroughs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Whitman: A Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Works
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Whitman: A Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Uniform
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Whitman: A Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.