Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish
Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish is here in full — 82 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.
Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.
It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.
The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.
Besides, the author of those Notes says in his very book, that he was much pleased by the reception he received from the pope.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish is here in full — 82 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.
/ðə əˈmerəkən ˈlɪtərətʃər ɪz ˈræðər tuː mʌtʃ mɪkst wɪð ðə bɪˈliːf ʌv ˈdɪfərənt rɪˈlɪdʒəs feɪθs/
Line 2
Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.
/sɪks ɔːr ˈsevən jɪrz əˈɡoʊ aɪ ˈoʊpənd ə bʊk wɪtʃ aɪ faʊnd ɑːn ðə ˈsentrəl ˈteɪbəl ʌv ðə ˈhaʊsɪz ˈpɑːrlər ɪn wɪtʃ aɪ lɑːdʒd/
Line 3
It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.
/ɪt wɑːz ðə fɪfθ ɔːr ˈsevənθ əˈdɪʃən ʌv noʊts ɔːr ˈletərz baɪ ə ˈmɪnəstər ʌv ðə ˈkrɪstʃən rəˈfɔːrm huː went θruː ˈɪtəli/
Line 4
The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.
/ðə ˈrevərənd sez ɪn hɪz bʊk ðæt ðə poʊp rəˈsiːvd hɪm ˈkaɪndli ənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə lɔːŋ ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən hiː hæd wɪð hɪm ðæt ˈveri hed ʌv ðə ˈkæθlɪk rɪˈlɪdʒən preɪzd əˈmerəkə wɪtʃ ɪz tuː seɪ hɪz ˈkʌntri bɪˈkɔːz ðə əˈmerəkən ˈpiːpəl ˈtɑːləreɪtɪd ðə ˈkæθlɪk rɪˈlɪdʒən/
Line 5
Besides, the author of those Notes says in his very book, that he was much pleased by the reception he received from the pope.
/bɪˈsaɪdz ðə ˈɔːθər ʌv ðoʊz noʊts sez ɪn hɪz ˈveri bʊk ðæt hiː wɑːz mʌtʃ pliːzd baɪ ðə rɪˈsepʃən hiː rəˈsiːvd frʌm ðə poʊp/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

faiths noun US /feɪθs/

plural of “faith” — a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading “THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.”

house's noun US /ˈhaʊsɪz/

possessive form of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

lodged verb US /lɑːdʒd/

past form of “lodge” — be a lodger; stay temporarily

From this reading “Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.”

praised verb US /preɪzd/

past form of “praise” — express approval of

From this reading “The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.”

reform noun US /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading “It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.”

reverend noun US /ˈrevərənd/

a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading “The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.”

seventh adjective US /ˈsevənθ/

coming next after the sixth and just before the eighth in position

From this reading “It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.”

tolerated verb US /ˈtɑːləreɪtɪd/

past form of “tolerate” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading “The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

seven years noun + noun

In this reading “Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.”

RELIGIOUS FAITHS adjective + noun counted as “religious faith”

In this reading “THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.”

much pleased adverb + adjective

In this reading “Besides, the author of those Notes says in his very book, that he was much pleased by the reception he received from the pope.”

went through verb + particle counted as “go through”

undergo or live through a difficult experience

In this reading “It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.”

long conversation adjective + noun

In this reading “The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

AMERICANnounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Besides, the author of those Notes says in his very book, that he was much pleased by the reception he received from the pope.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

BELIEFnounUS /bɪˈliːf/

any cognitive content held as true

From this reading THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.

BesidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading Besides, the author of those Notes says in his very book, that he was much pleased by the reception he received from the pope.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

catholicadjectiveUS /ˈkæθlɪk/

of or relating to or supporting Catholicism

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

centraladjectiveUS /ˈsentrəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

christianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

DIFFERENTadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

editionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

FAITHSnounUS /feɪθs/

plural of “faith” — a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.

fifthnounUS /fɪfθ/

a quantity of liquor equal to one fifth of a United States gallon

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Besides, the author of those Notes says in his very book, that he was much pleased by the reception he received from the pope.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

house'snounUS /ˈhaʊsɪz/

possessive form of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

kindlyadjectiveUS /ˈkaɪndli/

showing or motivated by sympathy and understanding and generosity

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

LettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

LITERATUREnounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.

lodgedverbUS /lɑːdʒd/

past form of “lodge” — be a lodger; stay temporarily

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

MIXEDadjectiveUS /mɪkst/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.

MUCHadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.

NotesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

parlornounUS /ˈpɑːrlər/

reception room in an inn or club where visitors can be received

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

pleasedadjectiveUS /pliːzd/

experiencing or manifesting pleasure

From this reading Besides, the author of those Notes says in his very book, that he was much pleased by the reception he received from the pope.

popenounUS /poʊp/

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

praisedverbUS /preɪzd/

past form of “praise” — express approval of

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

RATHERadverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

receptionnounUS /rɪˈsepʃən/

the manner in which something is greeted

From this reading Besides, the author of those Notes says in his very book, that he was much pleased by the reception he received from the pope.

reformnounUS /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

RELIGIOUSadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.

reverendnounUS /ˈrevərənd/

a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

seventhadjectiveUS /ˈsevənθ/

coming next after the sixth and just before the eighth in position

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

SixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Besides, the author of those Notes says in his very book, that he was much pleased by the reception he received from the pope.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

toleratedverbUS /ˈtɑːləreɪtɪd/

past form of “tolerate” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

TOOadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The reverend says in his book that the pope received him kindly, and during the long conversation he had with him, that very head of the catholic religion, praised America, which is to say his country, because the american people tolerated the catholic religion.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was the fifth, or seventh edition of Notes, or Letters by a minister of the christian reform who went through Italy.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE AMERICAN LITERATURE IS RATHER TOO MUCH MIXED WITH THE BELIEF OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FAITHS.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Six or seven years ago, I opened a book which I found on the central table of the house’s parlor in which I lodged.

Chapter 4 of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish by Joseph Rocchietti holds 82 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish contain?

Chapter 4 holds 82 sentences of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish by Joseph Rocchietti exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 82 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish

Common questions about reading Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish by Joseph Rocchietti on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish?

Yes. All 878 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31777 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31777, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish take to read?

About 73 minutes of reading across 176 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish section by section

How to work through Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish

Words and structures a reader meets early in Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Celui
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crivant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Songe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Personne
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.