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Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish
Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish is here in full — 296 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/59 · 5 lines
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OF TOURISTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.
The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.
Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.
Because he answered, I think so.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish is here in full — 296 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/59 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OF TOURISTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
/ʌv ˈtʊrəsts ɪn ˈfɔːrən ˈkʌntriz/
Line 2
The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.
/ðə ˈveri kaɪnd ʌv ˈlæftər ɔːlˈredi dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ðə fɔːrˈɡoʊɪŋ ˈtʃæptər ˌɪnˈduːst ˈmeni ˈtʊrəsts tuː læf æt ˈevəri ˈlɪtəl ˌɪmpərˈfekʃən ðeɪ miːt ɪn ˈfɔːrən ˈkʌntriz/
Line 3
The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.
Line 4
Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.
Line 5
Becausehe answered, “I think so.”
/bɪˈkɔːz hiː ˈænsərd aɪ θɪŋk soʊ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

depreciating adjective US /dɪˈpriːʃieɪtɪŋ/

tending to decrease or cause a decrease in value

From this reading “The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.”

enhancing verb US /enˈhænsɪŋ/

-ing form of “enhance” — increase

From this reading “The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.”

foregoing adjective US /fɔːrˈɡoʊɪŋ/

especially of writing or speech; going before

From this reading “The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.”

imperfection noun US /ˌɪmpərˈfekʃən/

the state or an instance of being imperfect

From this reading “The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.”

inoffensive adjective US /ˌɪnəˈfensɪv/

not causing anger or annoyance

From this reading “The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.”

Italians noun US /ˌɪˈtæljənz/

plural of “italian” — a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading “Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.”

laughs noun US /læfs/

plural of “laugh” — the sound of laughing

From this reading “The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.”

tourists noun US /ˈtʊrəsts/

plural of “tourist” — someone who travels for pleasure

From this reading “OF TOURISTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

FOREIGN COUNTRIES adjective + noun counted as “foreign country”

any state of which one is not a citizen

In this reading “OF TOURISTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.”

already described adverb + adjective

In this reading “The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.”

intelligent people adjective + noun

In this reading “Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.”

on hearing preposition + noun

In this reading “Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.”

of laughter preposition + noun

In this reading “The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.”

in giving preposition + noun

In this reading “Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

answeredverbUS /ˈænsərd/

past form of “answer” — react verbally

From this reading “Because” he answered, “I think so.”

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

BecauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading “Because” he answered, “I think so.”

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

COUNTRIESnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading OF TOURISTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

depreciatingadjectiveUS /dɪˈpriːʃieɪtɪŋ/

tending to decrease or cause a decrease in value

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

enhancingverbUS /enˈhænsɪŋ/

-ing form of “enhance” — increase

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

foregoingadjectiveUS /fɔːrˈɡoʊɪŋ/

especially of writing or speech; going before

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

FOREIGNadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading OF TOURISTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

hearingnounUS /ˈhiːrɪŋ/

(law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

imperfectionnounUS /ˌɪmpərˈfekʃən/

the state or an instance of being imperfect

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading OF TOURISTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

inducedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈduːst/

brought about or caused; not spontaneous

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

inoffensiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪnəˈfensɪv/

not causing anger or annoyance

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

intelligentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒənt/

having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degree

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

introductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

ItaliansnounUS /ˌɪˈtæljənz/

plural of “italian” — a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

laughnounUS /læf/

the sound of laughing

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

laughsnounUS /læfs/

plural of “laugh” — the sound of laughing

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

laughternounUS /ˈlæftər/

the sound of laughing

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

meritnounUS /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF TOURISTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

OnceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

preventverbUS /prɪˈvent/

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

self-conceitedadjective

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

smilingnounUS /ˈsmaɪlɪŋ/

a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading “Because” he answered, “I think so.”

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The laughter of a man of letters should be inoffensive: it should be rather the laughter enhancing the merit of the person he laughs at, than a depreciating, or self-conceited laughter.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading “Because” he answered, “I think so.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

TOURISTSnounUS /ˈtʊrəsts/

plural of “tourist” — someone who travels for pleasure

From this reading OF TOURISTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The very kind of laughter, already described in the foregoing chapter, induced many tourists to laugh at every little imperfection they meet in foreign countries.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Once, in giving letters of introduction to a gentleman, who was going to visit Italy, I could not prevent myself from smiling, on hearing him say: “The Italians are an intelligent people.”--“How do you know it?” said I to him.

Chapter 6 of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish by Joseph Rocchietti holds 296 sentences, grouped into 60 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish contain?

Chapter 6 holds 296 sentences of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish, unabridged, divided into 60 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish by Joseph Rocchietti exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 296 sentences, grouped into 60 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish?

Work through the 60 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 60 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #31777, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 73 minutes of reading across 176 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish

Words and structures a reader meets early in Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Celui
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crivant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Songe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Personne
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.