Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Wild Spain (España Agreste)
Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Chapter VII · April

Chapter VII of Wild Spain (España Agreste), “April,” is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wild Spain (España Agreste)
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.
These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.
Then there are the _dehesas_--wild, uncultivated wastes or prairies, of which more anon.
Lastly, there are the _marismas_.
We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Chapter VII · April

Chapter VII of Wild Spain (España Agreste), “April,” is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.
Line 2
These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.
Line 3
Then there are the _dehesas_--wild, uncultivated wastes or prairies, of which more anon.
Line 4
Lastly, there are the _marismas_.
Line 5
We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

equivalent noun US /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/

a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc

From this reading “We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.”

Lastly adverb US /ˈlæstli/

the item at the end

From this reading “Lastly, there are the _marismas_.”

physically adverb US /ˈfɪzɪkəli/

in accord with physical laws

From this reading “We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.”

prairies noun US /ˈpreɪriz/

plural of “prairie” — a treeless grassy plain

From this reading “Then there are the _dehesas_--wild, uncultivated wastes or prairies, of which more anon.”

sierras noun US /siˈerəz/

plural of “sierra” — a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading “These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.”

subdivided verb US /ˌsʌbdɪˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “subdivide” — form into subdivisions

From this reading “Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.”

unequal adjective US /əˈniːkwəl/

poorly balanced or matched in quantity or value or measure

From this reading “Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.”

wastes noun US /weɪsts/

plural of “waste” — any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading “Then there are the _dehesas_--wild, uncultivated wastes or prairies, of which more anon.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

Andalucianoun

a region in southern Spain on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean; formerly a center of Moorish civilization

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

anonadverbUS /ˌæˈnɔːn/

at another time

From this reading Then there are the _dehesas_--wild, uncultivated wastes or prairies, of which more anon.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

conformationnoun

a symmetrical arrangement of the parts of a thing

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

corn-lands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.

dehesas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then there are the _dehesas_--wild, uncultivated wastes or prairies, of which more anon.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

equivalentnounUS /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/

a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

glancedverbUS /ɡlænst/

past form of “glance” — throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

LastlyadverbUS /ˈlæstli/

the item at the end

From this reading Lastly, there are the _marismas_.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

marisma

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

marismas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lastly, there are the _marismas_.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Then there are the _dehesas_--wild, uncultivated wastes or prairies, of which more anon.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Then there are the _dehesas_--wild, uncultivated wastes or prairies, of which more anon.

ornithologically

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

physicallyadverbUS /ˈfɪzɪkəli/

in accord with physical laws

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

prairiesnounUS /ˈpreɪriz/

plural of “prairie” — a treeless grassy plain

From this reading Then there are the _dehesas_--wild, uncultivated wastes or prairies, of which more anon.

regionsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənz/

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

requireverbUS /ˌriːˈkwaɪər/

require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

rollingadjectiveUS /ˈroʊlɪŋ/

uttered with a trill

From this reading These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.

roughlyadverbUS /ˈrʌfli/

(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

sierrasnounUS /siˈerəz/

plural of “sierra” — a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

subdividedverbUS /ˌsʌbdɪˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “subdivide” — form into subdivisions

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then there are the _dehesas_--wild, uncultivated wastes or prairies, of which more anon.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Then there are the _dehesas_--wild, uncultivated wastes or prairies, of which more anon.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We have in English no equivalent to the Spanish "marisma," and these regions are so peculiar, both physically and ornithologically, as to require a short description.

uncultivatedadjective

(of land or fields) not prepared for raising crops

From this reading Then there are the _dehesas_--wild, uncultivated wastes or prairies, of which more anon.

unequaladjectiveUS /əˈniːkwəl/

poorly balanced or matched in quantity or value or measure

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

wastesnounUS /weɪsts/

plural of “waste” — any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading Then there are the _dehesas_--wild, uncultivated wastes or prairies, of which more anon.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.

well-markedadjective

clearly indicated

From this reading Andalucia may roughly be subdivided into four main regions, unequal in extent, but of well-marked physical characters and conformation.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading These are the sierras, and the rolling corn-lands, at both of which we have already glanced.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Then there are the _dehesas_--wild, uncultivated wastes or prairies, of which more anon.

Chapter 7 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) by Abel Chapman holds 116 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) contain?

Chapter 7 holds 116 sentences of Wild Spain (España Agreste), unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) by Abel Chapman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 116 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Wild Spain (España Agreste)?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Common questions about reading Wild Spain (España Agreste) by Abel Chapman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wild Spain (España Agreste)?

Yes. All 5206 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38201 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wild Spain (España Agreste) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38201, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wild Spain (España Agreste) take to read?

About 433 minutes of reading across 1042 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wild Spain (España Agreste) section by section

How to work through Wild Spain (España Agreste) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Wild Spain (España Agreste) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wild Spain (España Agreste), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Endeavour
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.