Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Wild Spain (España Agreste)
Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) is here in full — 118 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wild Spain (España Agreste)
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AMONG THE FLAMINGOES.
NOTES ON THEIR HAUNTS AND HABITS, AND THE DISCOVERY OF THEIR "INCUNABULA."
Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.
Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.
Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) is here in full — 118 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AMONG THE FLAMINGOES.
Line 2
NOTES ON THEIR HAUNTS AND HABITS, AND THE DISCOVERY OF THEIR "INCUNABULA."
Line 3
Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.
Line 4
Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.
/tɪl wɪˈðɪn ðə læst deˈkeɪd ɪn dɪˈfɔːlt ʌv mɔːr ˈriːsənt ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz ˈsʌndri ˈeɪn.ʃənt ˈfeɪbəlz hæv pæst ˈkɜːrənt/
Line 5
Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

default noun US /dɪˈfɔːlt/

loss due to not showing up

From this reading “Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.”

delta noun US /ˈdeltə/

a low triangular area of alluvial deposits where a river divides before entering a larger body of water

From this reading “Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.”

incubating verb US /ˈɪnkjəbeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “incubate” — grow under conditions that promote development

From this reading “Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.”

irregularly adverb US /ˌɪˈreɡjələrli/

at an uneven rate

From this reading “Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.”

nested verb US /ˈnestəd/

past form of “nest” — inhabit a nest, usually after building

From this reading “Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.”

nesting verb US /ˈnestɪŋ/

-ing form of “nest” — inhabit a nest, usually after building

From this reading “Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.”

Rhone noun US /roʊn/

a major French river; flows into the Mediterranean near Marseilles

From this reading “Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.”

Suez noun US /ˈsuːez/

a city in northeastern Egypt at the head of the Gulf of Suez and at the southern end of the Suez Canal

From this reading “Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

various parts adjective + noun

In this reading “Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.”

hundred years noun + noun

In this reading “Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.”

two hundred noun + noun

being ten more than one hundred ninety

In this reading “Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.”

last decade adjective + noun

In this reading “Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.”

in default preposition + noun

In this reading “Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.”

dispose of verb + particle

deal with or settle

In this reading “Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.”

long legs adjective + noun

In this reading “Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.”

two centuries noun + noun counted as “two century”

In this reading “Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.”

All words in this reading · 124

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1683

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

70

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

71

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

AMONGprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading AMONG THE FLAMINGOES.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading NOTES ON THEIR HAUNTS AND HABITS, AND THE DISCOVERY OF THEIR "INCUNABULA."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

astrideadverbUS /əˈstraɪd/

with one leg on each side

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

battalionsnounUS /bəˈtæljənz/

plural of “battalion” — an army unit usually consisting of a headquarters and three or more companies

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

borderingverbUS /ˈbɔːrdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “border” — extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

Camargue

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

CanalnounUS /kəˈnæl/

(astronomy) an indistinct surface feature of Mars once thought to be a system of channels; they are now believed to be an optical illusion

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

CapenounUS /keɪp/

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

cavaliernounUS /ˌkævəˈlɪr/

a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

conicaladjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnɪkəl/

relating to or resembling a cone

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.

Dampier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

decadenounUS /deˈkeɪd/

a period of 10 years

From this reading Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.

defaultnounUS /dɪˈfɔːlt/

loss due to not showing up

From this reading Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.

deltanounUS /ˈdeltə/

a low triangular area of alluvial deposits where a river divides before entering a larger body of water

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

DISCOVERYnounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading NOTES ON THEIR HAUNTS AND HABITS, AND THE DISCOVERY OF THEIR "INCUNABULA."

disposeverbUS /dɪˈspoʊz/

give, sell, or transfer to another

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

EasternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

EgyptnounUS /ˈiːdʒəpt/

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

fablesnounUS /ˈfeɪbəlz/

plural of “fable” — a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

femaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

FLAMINGOES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AMONG THE FLAMINGOES.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

HABITSnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading NOTES ON THEIR HAUNTS AND HABITS, AND THE DISCOVERY OF THEIR "INCUNABULA."

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

HAUNTSnounUS /hɔːnts/

plural of “haunt” — a frequently visited place

From this reading NOTES ON THEIR HAUNTS AND HABITS, AND THE DISCOVERY OF THEIR "INCUNABULA."

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

ipronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

incubatingverbUS /ˈɪnkjəbeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “incubate” — grow under conditions that promote development

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

INCUNABULA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NOTES ON THEIR HAUNTS AND HABITS, AND THE DISCOVERY OF THEIR "INCUNABULA."

irregularlyadverbUS /ˌɪˈreɡjələrli/

at an uneven rate

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

IslandsnounUS /ˈaɪləndz/

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.

legsnounUS /leɡz/

staying power

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

marshyadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrʃi/

(of soil) soft and watery

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

MediterraneannounUS /ˌmedətərˈeɪniən/

the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

modenounUS /moʊd/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.

moundsnounUS /maʊndz/

plural of “mound” — (baseball) the slight elevation on which the pitcher stands

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

nestedverbUS /ˈnestəd/

past form of “nest” — inhabit a nest, usually after building

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

nestingverbUS /ˈnestɪŋ/

-ing form of “nest” — inhabit a nest, usually after building

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

nestsnounUS /nests/

plural of “nest” — a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

NOTESnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading NOTES ON THEIR HAUNTS AND HABITS, AND THE DISCOVERY OF THEIR "INCUNABULA."

observationsnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading NOTES ON THEIR HAUNTS AND HABITS, AND THE DISCOVERY OF THEIR "INCUNABULA."

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading NOTES ON THEIR HAUNTS AND HABITS, AND THE DISCOVERY OF THEIR "INCUNABULA."

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

pp

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

RhonenounUS /roʊn/

a major French river; flows into the Mediterranean near Marseilles

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

rosyadjectiveUS /ˈroʊzi/

reflecting optimism

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

singularadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/

unusual or striking

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

SueznounUS /ˈsuːez/

a city in northeastern Egypt at the head of the Gulf of Suez and at the southern end of the Suez Canal

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

sundryadjectiveUS /ˈsʌndri/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AMONG THE FLAMINGOES.

THEIRdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading NOTES ON THEIR HAUNTS AND HABITS, AND THE DISCOVERY OF THEIR "INCUNABULA."

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

TillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

travellersnounUS /ˈtrævələrz/

plural of “traveller” — a person who changes location

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

unsettledadjectiveUS /ənˈsetəld/

still in doubt

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

Verde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

VoyagesnounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒəz/

plural of “voyage” — an act of traveling by water

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Till within the last decade, in default of more recent observations, sundry ancient fables have passed current.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Dampier described the nests of flamingoes seen by him two hundred years ago--in September, 1683--on one of the Cape de Verde Islands, as being high conical mounds of mud upon which the female sat astride ("Voyages," i., pp. 70, 71); and for two centuries this cavalier position has been accepted as history, no further observations having been made, though flamingoes have nested irregularly in various parts of Europe--even in France (in the marshy Camargue, the delta of the Rhone), and in Southern Spain.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Though Flamingoes are found in many of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and their rosy battalions are familiar to Eastern travellers through Egypt and the Suez Canal, yet their mode of nesting, and especially the manner in which birds of so singular a form could dispose of their extremely long legs while incubating, has remained an unsettled question.

Chapter 9 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) by Abel Chapman holds 118 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) contain?

Chapter 9 holds 118 sentences of Wild Spain (España Agreste), unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) by Abel Chapman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 118 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Wild Spain (España Agreste)?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Common questions about reading Wild Spain (España Agreste) by Abel Chapman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wild Spain (España Agreste)?

Yes. All 5206 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38201 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wild Spain (España Agreste) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38201, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wild Spain (España Agreste) take to read?

About 433 minutes of reading across 1042 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wild Spain (España Agreste) section by section

How to work through Wild Spain (España Agreste) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Wild Spain (España Agreste) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wild Spain (España Agreste), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Endeavour
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.