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Wild Spain (España Agreste)
Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) is here in full — 311 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wild Spain (España Agreste)
Context Illustration Reading 1/62 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
IBEX-SHOOTING IN SPAIN.
I.--SIERRA DE GREDOS (OLD CASTILE).
Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.
Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.
The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) is here in full — 311 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IBEX-SHOOTING IN SPAIN.
Line 2
I.--SIERRA DE GREDOS (OLD CASTILE).
Line 3
Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.
Line 4
Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.
/naɪt wɑːz ˈkloʊzɪŋ ɪn ənd sliːt dɪˈsendɪŋ ɪn ˈdraɪvɪŋ ʃiːts wen æt leŋkθ raʊnd ə prəˈdʒektɪŋ spɜːr wiː ˈsaɪtɪd ˈaʊər ˌdestəˈneɪʃən/
Line 5
The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

castile noun US /ˌkæˈstaɪl/

a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479

From this reading “I.--SIERRA DE GREDOS (OLD CASTILE).”

diligence noun US /ˈdɪlədʒəns/

conscientiousness in paying proper attention to a task; giving the degree of care required in a given situation

From this reading “Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.”

forecast verb US /ˈfɔːrkæst/

predict in advance

From this reading “The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.”

ibex noun US /ˈaɪbeks/

wild goat of mountain areas of Eurasia and northern Africa having large recurved horns

From this reading “IBEX-SHOOTING IN SPAIN.”

jagged adjective US /ˈdʒæɡəd/

having a sharply uneven surface or outline

From this reading “The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.”

repulsed verb US /riˈpʌlst/

past form of “repulse” — force or drive back

From this reading “Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.”

sierra noun US /siˈerə/

a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading “I.--SIERRA DE GREDOS (OLD CASTILE).”

sleet noun US /sliːt/

partially melted snow (or a mixture of rain and snow)

From this reading “Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

steep slope adjective + noun

In this reading “The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.”

at length preposition + noun

in a lengthy or prolix manner

In this reading “Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.”

look down verb + adjective

In this reading “Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.”

hung on verb + particle counted as “hang on”

fix to; attach

In this reading “The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.”

in store preposition + noun

in readiness; awaiting

In this reading “The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

CASTILEnounUS /ˌkæˈstaɪl/

a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479

From this reading I.--SIERRA DE GREDOS (OLD CASTILE).

Castiliannoun

the Spanish language as spoken in Castile

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

closingnounUS /ˈkloʊzɪŋ/

the act of closing something

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

cloud-land

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

comparativeadjectiveUS /kəmˈperətɪv/

relating to or based on or involving comparison

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

costsnounUS /kɑːsts/

pecuniary reimbursement to the winning party for the expenses of litigation

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

crawlingnounUS /ˈkrɔːlɪŋ/

a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

DEnounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading I.--SIERRA DE GREDOS (OLD CASTILE).

descendingadjectiveUS /dɪˈsendɪŋ/

coming down or downward

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

destinationnounUS /ˌdestəˈneɪʃən/

the place designated as the end (as of a race or journey)

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

diligencenounUS /ˈdɪlədʒəns/

conscientiousness in paying proper attention to a task; giving the degree of care required in a given situation

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

five-league

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

forecastverbUS /ˈfɔːrkæst/

predict in advance

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

frowningadjectiveUS /ˈfraʊnɪŋ/

showing displeasure or anger

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

GREDOS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I.--SIERRA DE GREDOS (OLD CASTILE).

hamletnounUS /ˈhæmlət/

a community of people smaller than a village

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

heightsnounUS /haɪts/

a high place

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I.--SIERRA DE GREDOS (OLD CASTILE).

ibexnounUS /ˈaɪbeks/

wild goat of mountain areas of Eurasia and northern Africa having large recurved horns

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

IBEX-SHOOTING

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IBEX-SHOOTING IN SPAIN.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IBEX-SHOOTING IN SPAIN.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

IronnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

jaggedadjectiveUS /ˈdʒæɡəd/

having a sharply uneven surface or outline

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

labours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

luxurynounUS /ˈlʌɡʒəri/

something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

mountain-scramble

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

mulesnounUS /mjuːlz/

plural of “mule” — hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

NightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

oddadjectiveUS /ɑːd/

not divisible by two

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

OLDadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading I.--SIERRA DE GREDOS (OLD CASTILE).

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

peaksnounUS /piːks/

plural of “peak” — the most extreme possible amount or value

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

projectingadjectiveUS /prəˈdʒektɪŋ/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

Pullman-car

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

railwaynounUS /ˈreɪlweɪ/

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

repulsedverbUS /riˈpʌlst/

past form of “repulse” — force or drive back

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

ridgesnounUS /ˈrɪdʒəz/

plural of “ridge” — a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

sheetsnounUS /ʃiːts/

plural of “sheet” — any broad thin expanse or surface

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

SIERRAnounUS /siˈerə/

a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading I.--SIERRA DE GREDOS (OLD CASTILE).

sightedadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪtɪd/

able to see

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

sleetnounUS /sliːt/

partially melted snow (or a mixture of rain and snow)

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

slopenounUS /sloʊp/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

snow-cladadjective

covered with snow

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

SPAINnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading IBEX-SHOOTING IN SPAIN.

spurnounUS /spɜːr/

a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

storenounUS /stɔːr/

a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

Talavera

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

toweringadjectiveUS /ˈtaʊərɪŋ/

of imposing height; especially standing out above others

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

Twenty-sixadjective

being six more than twenty

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

twiceadverbUS /twaɪs/

two times

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Night was closing in and sleet descending in driving sheets, when at length, round a projecting spur, we sighted our destination.

whereon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The hamlet hung on the steep slope of the sierra, whose snow-clad heights and jagged peaks, towering away into cloud-land, gave us a fair forecast of the labours in store.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Twenty-six hours on the railway--at first with the comparative luxury of a Pullman-car: the last seven crawling across the Castilian plain, towards the frowning ridges that look down on Talavera, whereon our Iron Duke repulsed nearly twice his numbers of French, and turned the tide of war: then thirty odd miles in a diligence, and finally a five-league mountain-scramble on mules--this it costs us to reach the home of the Castilian ibex.

Chapter 11 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) by Abel Chapman holds 311 sentences, grouped into 63 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) contain?

Chapter 11 holds 311 sentences of Wild Spain (España Agreste), unabridged, divided into 63 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) by Abel Chapman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 311 sentences, grouped into 63 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Wild Spain (España Agreste)?

Work through the 63 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 63 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Common questions about reading Wild Spain (España Agreste) by Abel Chapman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wild Spain (España Agreste)?

Yes. All 5206 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38201 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wild Spain (España Agreste) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38201, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wild Spain (España Agreste) take to read?

About 433 minutes of reading across 1042 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wild Spain (España Agreste) section by section

How to work through Wild Spain (España Agreste) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Wild Spain (España Agreste) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wild Spain (España Agreste), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Endeavour
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.