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Wild Spain (España Agreste)
Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) is here in full — 249 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wild Spain (España Agreste)
Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
DEER-DRIVING IN THE PINE FORESTS.
MY FIRST STAG.
By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.
The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.
The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) is here in full — 249 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DEER-DRIVING IN THE PINE FORESTS.
Line 2
MY FIRST STAG.
/maɪ fɜːrst stæɡ/
Line 3
By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.
Line 4
The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.
Line 5
The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.
/ðə waɪld pɪɡ prəˈfɜːrz ðə mɔːr ˈaɪsəleɪtəd ˈθɪkəts wɪtʃ laɪ təˈwɔːrdz ðə ˈaʊtskɜːrts ʌv ðə ˈfɔːrəst/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

glade noun US /ɡleɪd/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading “By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.”

outskirts noun US /ˈaʊtskɜːrts/

outlying areas (as of a city or town)

From this reading “The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.”

prefers verb US /prəˈfɜːrz/

third-person singular of “prefer” — like better; value more highly

From this reading “The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.”

stag verb US /stæɡ/

attend a dance or a party without a female companion

From this reading “MY FIRST STAG.”

stronghold noun US /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading “The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.”

surround verb US /sərˈaʊnd/

extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle

From this reading “The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.”

thickets noun US /ˈθɪkəts/

plural of “thicket” — a dense growth of bushes

From this reading “The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.”

underwood noun US /ˈʌndərwʊd/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading “The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

PINE FORESTS noun + noun counted as “pine forest”

In this reading “DEER-DRIVING IN THE PINE FORESTS.”

red deer noun + noun

common deer of temperate Europe and Asia

In this reading “The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.”

wild pig adjective + noun

In this reading “The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.”

find shelter verb + noun

In this reading “The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.”

All words in this reading · 51

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.

abundantadjectiveUS /əˈbʌndənt/

present in great quantity

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

deernounUS /dɪr/

distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

DEER-DRIVING

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DEER-DRIVING IN THE PINE FORESTS.

dells

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading MY FIRST STAG.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.

FORESTSnounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading DEER-DRIVING IN THE PINE FORESTS.

gladenounUS /ɡleɪd/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.

grassyadjectiveUS /ˈɡræsi/

abounding in grass

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading DEER-DRIVING IN THE PINE FORESTS.

isolatedadjectiveUS /ˈaɪsəleɪtəd/

not close together in time

From this reading The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

LanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.

Marismilla

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY FIRST STAG.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.

outskirtsnounUS /ˈaʊtskɜːrts/

outlying areas (as of a city or town)

From this reading The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.

pasturagenoun

succulent herbaceous vegetation of pasture land

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

pignounUS /pɪɡ/

domestic swine

From this reading The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.

pinales

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.

PINEnounUS /paɪn/

a coniferous tree

From this reading DEER-DRIVING IN THE PINE FORESTS.

pine-region

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.

prefersverbUS /prəˈfɜːrz/

third-person singular of “prefer” — like better; value more highly

From this reading The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

rush-girt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.

shelternounUS /ˈʃeltər/

a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

shooting-lodge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.

sombreadjective

lacking brightness or color; dull

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

STAGverbUS /stæɡ/

attend a dance or a party without a female companion

From this reading MY FIRST STAG.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading By a rush-girt glade in the heart of the _pinales_, or pine-region, stands the lonely shooting-lodge of La Marismilla.

strongholdnounUS /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

surroundverbUS /sərˈaʊnd/

extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DEER-DRIVING IN THE PINE FORESTS.

thicketsnounUS /ˈθɪkəts/

plural of “thicket” — a dense growth of bushes

From this reading The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.

underwoodnounUS /ˈʌndərwʊd/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The sombre forests which surround it are a chief stronghold of the Spanish red deer, which find shelter in the abundant underwood and rich pasturage in the grassy dells.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading The wild pig prefers the more isolated thickets which lie towards the outskirts of the forest.

Chapter 23 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) by Abel Chapman holds 249 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) contain?

Chapter 23 holds 249 sentences of Wild Spain (España Agreste), unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Wild Spain (España Agreste) by Abel Chapman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 249 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Wild Spain (España Agreste)?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Common questions about reading Wild Spain (España Agreste) by Abel Chapman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wild Spain (España Agreste)?

Yes. All 5206 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38201 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wild Spain (España Agreste) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38201, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wild Spain (España Agreste) take to read?

About 433 minutes of reading across 1042 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wild Spain (España Agreste) section by section

How to work through Wild Spain (España Agreste) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Wild Spain (España Agreste) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wild Spain (España Agreste)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wild Spain (España Agreste), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Endeavour
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Spain (España Agreste); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.