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Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery
Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is here in full — 353 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery
Context Illustration Reading 1/70 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Llangollen Fair—Buyers and Sellers—The Jockey—The Greek Cap.
On the twenty-first was held Llangollen Fair.
The day was dull with occasional showers.
I went to see the fair about noon.
It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is here in full — 353 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/70 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Llangollen Fair—Buyers and Sellers—The Jockey—The Greek Cap.
Line 2
On the twenty-first was held Llangollen Fair.
Line 3
The day was dull with occasional showers.
/ðə deɪ wɑːz dʌl wɪð əˈkeɪʒənəl ˈʃaʊərz/
Line 4
I went to see the fair about noon.
/aɪ went tuː siː ðə fer əˈbaʊt nuːn/
Line 5
It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Buyers noun US /ˈbaɪərz/

plural of “buyer” — a person who buys

From this reading “Llangollen Fair—Buyers and Sellers—The Jockey—The Greek Cap.”

feature noun US /ˈfiːtʃər/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading “It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.”

Grapes noun US /ɡreɪps/

plural of “grape” — any of various juicy fruit of the genus Vitis with green or purple skins; grow in clusters

From this reading “It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.”

Jockey verb US /ˈdʒɑːki/

defeat someone through trickery or deceit

From this reading “Llangollen Fair—Buyers and Sellers—The Jockey—The Greek Cap.”

occasional adjective US /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading “The day was dull with occasional showers.”

Sellers noun US /ˈselərz/

English comic actor (1925-1980)

From this reading “Llangollen Fair—Buyers and Sellers—The Jockey—The Greek Cap.”

showers noun US /ˈʃaʊərz/

plural of “shower” — a plumbing fixture that sprays water over you

From this reading “The day was dull with occasional showers.”

twenty-first adjective US /ˈtwentifɜːrst/

coming next after the twentieth in position

From this reading “On the twenty-first was held Llangollen Fair.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

principal feature noun + noun

In this reading “It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.”

about noon preposition + noun

In this reading “I went to see the fair about noon.”

on the east preposition + article + noun counted as “on … east”

In this reading “It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.”

All words in this reading · 47

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading I went to see the fair about noon.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Llangollen Fair—Buyers and Sellers—The Jockey—The Greek Cap.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

BuyersnounUS /ˈbaɪərz/

plural of “buyer” — a person who buys

From this reading Llangollen Fair—Buyers and Sellers—The Jockey—The Greek Cap.

CapnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading Llangollen Fair—Buyers and Sellers—The Jockey—The Greek Cap.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The day was dull with occasional showers.

dulladjectiveUS /dʌl/

lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading The day was dull with occasional showers.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

FairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Llangollen Fair—Buyers and Sellers—The Jockey—The Greek Cap.

featurenounUS /ˈfiːtʃər/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

GrapesnounUS /ɡreɪps/

plural of “grape” — any of various juicy fruit of the genus Vitis with green or purple skins; grow in clusters

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

GreeknounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading Llangollen Fair—Buyers and Sellers—The Jockey—The Greek Cap.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading On the twenty-first was held Llangollen Fair.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I went to see the fair about noon.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

innnounUS /ɪn/

a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

JockeyverbUS /ˈdʒɑːki/

defeat someone through trickery or deceit

From this reading Llangollen Fair—Buyers and Sellers—The Jockey—The Greek Cap.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

Llangollen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Llangollen Fair—Buyers and Sellers—The Jockey—The Greek Cap.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

noonnounUS /nuːn/

the middle of the day

From this reading I went to see the fair about noon.

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading The day was dull with occasional showers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the twenty-first was held Llangollen Fair.

police-station

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

principalnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I went to see the fair about noon.

SellersnounUS /ˈselərz/

English comic actor (1925-1980)

From this reading Llangollen Fair—Buyers and Sellers—The Jockey—The Greek Cap.

showersnounUS /ˈʃaʊərz/

plural of “shower” — a plumbing fixture that sprays water over you

From this reading The day was dull with occasional showers.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

signnounUS /saɪn/

a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

south-eastadverb

to, toward, or in the southeast

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Llangollen Fair—Buyers and Sellers—The Jockey—The Greek Cap.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I went to see the fair about noon.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

twenty-firstadjectiveUS /ˈtwentifɜːrst/

coming next after the twentieth in position

From this reading On the twenty-first was held Llangollen Fair.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On the twenty-first was held Llangollen Fair.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading I went to see the fair about noon.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was held in and near a little square in the south-east quarter of the town, of which square the police-station is the principal feature on the side of the west, and an inn, bearing the sign of the Grapes, on the east.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The day was dull with occasional showers.

Chapter 9 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow holds 353 sentences, grouped into 71 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery contain?

Chapter 9 holds 353 sentences of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery, unabridged, divided into 71 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 353 sentences, grouped into 71 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery?

Work through the 71 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 71 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Common questions about reading Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery?

Yes. All 10903 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37665 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37665, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2181 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery section by section

How to work through Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Invited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Editor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Words
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.