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Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery
Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is here in full — 153 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
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Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.
“Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”
“I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”
So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.
The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is here in full — 153 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.
Line 2
“Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”
Line 3
“I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”
Line 4
So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.
Line 5
The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Avenger noun US /əˈvendʒər/

someone who takes vengeance

From this reading “Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.”

bard noun US /bɑːrd/

a lyric poet

From this reading “So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.”

ebb verb US /eb/

flow back or recede

From this reading ““I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.””

mainland noun US /ˈmeɪnlænd/

the main land mass of a country or continent; as distinguished from an island or peninsula

From this reading “The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.”

Mona noun US /ˈmoʊnə/

an island to the northwest of Wales

From this reading ““I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.””

Prophetic adjective US /prəˈfetɪk/

foretelling events as if by supernatural intervention

From this reading “Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.”

Saga noun US /ˈsɑːɡə/

a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account

From this reading “Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.”

styled verb US /staɪld/

past form of “style” — designate by an identifying term

From this reading “So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

forty years adjective + noun

In this reading “So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.”

two hundred noun + noun

being ten more than one hundred ninety

In this reading “So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.”

without waiting preposition + noun

In this reading ““I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.””

most remote adverb + adjective

In this reading “The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.”

pass over verb + particle

bypass

In this reading “The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.”

across the sand preposition + article + noun counted as “across … sand”

In this reading ““I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.””

about two preposition + noun

In this reading “So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading “I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

Angleseynoun

an island to the northwest of Wales

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

aros

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

AvnounUS /ˌeɪˈviː/

the eleventh month of the civil year; the fifth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar (in July and August)

From this reading “Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”

AvengernounUS /əˈvendʒər/

someone who takes vengeance

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

bardnounUS /bɑːrd/

a lyric poet

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

CampbellnounUS /ˈkæmbəl/

United States mythologist (1904-1987)

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

communicationnounUS /kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃən/

the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

coupletnoun

two items of the same kind

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

crnoun

a hard brittle multivalent metallic element; resistant to corrosion and tarnishing

From this reading “Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”

dir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”

doubtlessadverbUS /ˈdaʊtləs/

without doubt; certainly

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

DuncannounUS /ˈdʌŋkən/

United States dancer and pioneer of modern dance (1878-1927)

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

dwr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”

ebbverbUS /eb/

flow back or recede

From this reading “I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”

Englyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

FamilynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading “I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”

Gunnar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

ipronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

IslenounUS /aɪl/

a small island

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading “I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

Lleiaf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

mainlandnounUS /ˈmeɪnlænd/

the main land mass of a country or continent; as distinguished from an island or peninsula

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

Menai

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

MonanounUS /ˈmoʊnə/

an island to the northwest of Wales

From this reading “I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

Môn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”

Nial

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

Nial's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

notwithstandingadverbUS /ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

despite anything to the contrary (usually preceding a concession)

From this reading “I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

ond

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

permitnounUS /pərˈmɪt/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

PropheticadjectiveUS /prəˈfetɪk/

foretelling events as if by supernatural intervention

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

remoteadjectiveUS /rɪˈmoʊt/

located far away spatially

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

RobertsnounUS /ˈrɑːbərts/

United States biochemist (born in England) honored for his discovery that some genes contain introns (born in 1943)

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

safetynounUS /ˈseɪfti/

the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

SaganounUS /ˈsɑːɡə/

a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading “I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”

sangnounUS /sæŋ/

North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

SecondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

SightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

styledverbUS /staɪld/

past form of “style” — designate by an identifying term

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

sufficientlyadverbUS /səˈfɪʃəntli/

to a sufficient degree

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Robert Lleiaf—Prophetic Englyn—The Second Sight—Duncan Campbell—Nial’s Saga—Family of Nial—Gunnar—The Avenger.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”

traeth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”

trai

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”

Tros

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading “I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading “I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading “I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “I will go to the land of Mona, notwithstanding the water of the Menai, across the sand, without waiting for the ebb.”

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The meaning of the couplet has always been considered to be and doubtless is, that a time would come when a bridge would be built across the Menai, over which one might pass with safety and comfort, without waiting till the ebb was sufficiently low to permit people to pass over the traeth, or sand, which, from ages the most remote, had been used as the means of communication between the mainland and the Isle of Mona or Anglesey.

ynounUS /waɪ/

a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys

From this reading “Av i dir Môn, cr dwr Menai, Tros y traeth, ond aros trai.”

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading So sang a bard about two hundred and forty years ago, who styled himself Robert Lleiaf, or the least of the Roberts.

Chapter 11 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow holds 153 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery contain?

Chapter 11 holds 153 sentences of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 153 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Common questions about reading Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery?

Yes. All 10903 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37665 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37665, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2181 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery section by section

How to work through Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Invited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Editor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Words
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.