Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery
Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is here in full — 447 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery
Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Spanish ProverbThe Short CutPredestinationRhys GochOld CrustyUnderchargingThe Cavalier.
The Spaniards have a proverb: No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.
This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.
On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.
The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is here in full — 447 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Spanish ProverbThe Short CutPredestinationRhys GochOld CrustyUnderchargingThe Cavalier.
Line 2
The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.
Line 3
This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.
/ðɪs ˈprɑːvərb ɪz ˈveri truː æz aɪ noʊ baɪ maɪ oʊn ɪkˈspɪriəns fɔːr aɪ ˈnevər tʊk ə ʃɔːrt kʌt ɪn maɪ laɪf ənd aɪ hæv ˈteɪkən ˈmeni ɪn maɪ ˈwɑːndərɪŋz wɪˈθaʊt ˈfɑːlɪŋ daʊn ˈɡetɪŋ ˈɪntuː ə slʌf ɔːr ˈluːzɪŋ maɪ weɪ/
Line 4
On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.
Line 5
The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.
/ðə ˈtempərəns ˈwʊmən ˌhaʊˈevər spoʊk ˈnʌθɪŋ bʌt ðə truːθ wen ʃiː sed aɪ ʃʊd siː sʌm faɪn ˈsiːnəri/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cavalier noun US /ˌkævəˈlɪr/

a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading “Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.”

Crusty adjective US /ˈkrʌsti/

having a hardened crust as a covering

From this reading “Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.”

Predestination noun US /ˌpriːdestəˈneɪʃən/

previous determination as if by destiny or fate

From this reading “Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.”

proverb noun US /ˈprɑːvərb/

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading “Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.”

slough noun US /slʌf/

necrotic tissue; a mortified or gangrenous part or mass

From this reading “This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.”

temperance noun US /ˈtempərəns/

the trait of avoiding excesses

From this reading “The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.”

thickets noun US /ˈθɪkəts/

plural of “thicket” — a dense growth of bushes

From this reading “On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.”

wanderings noun US /ˈwɑːndərɪŋz/

plural of “wandering” — travelling about without any clear destination

From this reading “This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

two hours noun + noun

In this reading “On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.”

present occasion verb + noun

In this reading “On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.”

wandered about verb + particle counted as “wander about”

In this reading “On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.”

deal of verb + particle

In this reading “The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.”

for nearly preposition + adverb

In this reading “On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

amidstprepositionUS /əˈmɪdst/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

atajo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

CavaliernounUS /ˌkævəˈlɪr/

a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.

CrustyadjectiveUS /ˈkrʌsti/

having a hardened crust as a covering

From this reading Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.

CutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

Goch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.

haynounUS /heɪ/

grass mowed and cured for use as fodder

From this reading The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

losingverbUS /ˈluːzɪŋ/

-ing form of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

precipices

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

PredestinationnounUS /ˌpriːdestəˈneɪʃən/

previous determination as if by destiny or fate

From this reading Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

ProverbnounUS /ˈprɑːvərb/

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.

Rhys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

scenerynounUS /ˈsiːnəri/

the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

ShortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

sinnounUS /sɪn/

estrangement from god

From this reading The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.

sloughnounUS /slʌf/

necrotic tissue; a mortified or gangrenous part or mass

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

SpaniardsnounUS /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

temperancenounUS /ˈtempərəns/

the trait of avoiding excesses

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.

thicketsnounUS /ˈθɪkəts/

plural of “thicket” — a dense growth of bushes

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

trabajo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

Undercharging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Spanish Proverb—The Short Cut—Predestination—Rhys Goch—Old Crusty—Undercharging—The Cavalier.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

wanderedverbUS /ˈwɑːndərd/

past form of “wander” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading On the present occasion I lost my way, and wandered about for nearly two hours amidst rocks, thickets, and precipices, without being able to find it.

wanderingsnounUS /ˈwɑːndərɪŋz/

plural of “wandering” — travelling about without any clear destination

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading This proverb is very true, as I know by my own experience, for I never took a short cut in my life, and I have taken many in my wanderings, without falling down, getting into a slough, or losing my way.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The Spaniards have a proverb: “No hay atajo sin trabajo,” there is no short cut without a deal of labour.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The temperance woman, however, spoke nothing but the truth, when she said I should see some fine scenery.

Chapter 18 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow holds 447 sentences, grouped into 90 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery contain?

Chapter 18 holds 447 sentences of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery, unabridged, divided into 90 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 447 sentences, grouped into 90 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery?

Work through the 90 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 90 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Common questions about reading Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery?

Yes. All 10903 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37665 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37665, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2181 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery section by section

How to work through Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Invited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Editor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Words
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.