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Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery
Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is here in full — 200 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery
Context Illustration Reading 1/40 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Sunday NightSleep, Sin, and Old AgeThe DreamLanikin FigureA Literary Purchase.
The Sunday morning was a gloomy one.
I attended service at church with my family.
The service was in English, and the younger Mr. E preached.
The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is here in full — 200 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Sunday NightSleep, Sin, and Old AgeThe DreamLanikin FigureA Literary Purchase.
Line 2
The Sunday morning was a gloomy one.
/ðə ˈsʌndeɪ ˈmɔːrnɪŋ wɑːz ə ˈɡluːmi wʌn/
Line 3
I attended service at church with my family.
/aɪ əˈtendɪd ˈsɜːrvəs æt tʃɜːrtʃ wɪð maɪ ˈfæməli/
Line 4
The service was in English, and the younger Mr. Epreached.
/ðə ˈsɜːrvəs wɑːz ɪn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ənd ðə ˈjʌŋɡər ˈmɪstər iː priːtʃt/
Line 5
The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.
/ðə tekst aɪ hæv fərˈɡɑːt.n̩ bʌt aɪ rɪˈmɛm.bər ˈpɜːrfəktli wel ðæt ðə ˈsɜːrmən wɑːz ˈskrɪptʃərəl ənd ˈeləɡənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attended adjective US /əˈtendɪd/

playing or singing with instrumental or vocal accompaniment

From this reading “I attended service at church with my family.”

elegant adjective US /ˈeləɡənt/

refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style

From this reading “The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.”

gloomy adjective US /ˈɡluːmi/

depressingly dark

From this reading “The Sunday morning was a gloomy one.”

preached verb US /priːtʃt/

past form of “preach” — deliver a sermon

From this reading “The service was in English, and the younger Mr. E— preached.”

Purchase noun US /ˈpɜːrtʃəs/

the acquisition of something for payment

From this reading “Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.”

scriptural adjective US /ˈskrɪptʃərəl/

of or pertaining to or contained in or in accordance with the Bible

From this reading “The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.”

sermon noun US /ˈsɜːrmən/

an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading “The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.”

text noun US /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading “The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Old Age adjective + noun

a late time of life

In this reading “Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.”

remember perfectly verb + particle

In this reading “The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.”

All words in this reading · 43

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.

AgenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I attended service at church with my family.

attendedadjectiveUS /əˈtendɪd/

playing or singing with instrumental or vocal accompaniment

From this reading I attended service at church with my family.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading I attended service at church with my family.

DreamnounUS /driːm/

A series of thoughts, images, or emotions during sleep.

From this reading Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading The service was in English, and the younger Mr. E— preached.

elegantadjectiveUS /ˈeləɡənt/

refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style

From this reading The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The service was in English, and the younger Mr. E— preached.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading I attended service at church with my family.

FigurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.

gloomyadjectiveUS /ˈɡluːmi/

depressingly dark

From this reading The Sunday morning was a gloomy one.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I attended service at church with my family.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The service was in English, and the younger Mr. E— preached.

Lanikin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.

LiteraryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The Sunday morning was a gloomy one.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The service was in English, and the younger Mr. E— preached.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I attended service at church with my family.

NightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The Sunday morning was a gloomy one.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.

preachedverbUS /priːtʃt/

past form of “preach” — deliver a sermon

From this reading The service was in English, and the younger Mr. E— preached.

PurchasenounUS /ˈpɜːrtʃəs/

the acquisition of something for payment

From this reading Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.

scripturaladjectiveUS /ˈskrɪptʃərəl/

of or pertaining to or contained in or in accordance with the Bible

From this reading The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.

sermonnounUS /ˈsɜːrmən/

an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading I attended service at church with my family.

SinnounUS /sɪn/

estrangement from god

From this reading Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.

SleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Sunday Night—Sleep, Sin, and Old Age—The Dream—Lanikin Figure—A Literary Purchase.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Sunday morning was a gloomy one.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The text I have forgotten, but I remember perfectly well that the sermon was scriptural and elegant.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I attended service at church with my family.

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading The service was in English, and the younger Mr. E— preached.

Chapter 22 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow holds 200 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery contain?

Chapter 22 holds 200 sentences of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 200 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Common questions about reading Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery?

Yes. All 10903 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37665 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37665, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2181 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery section by section

How to work through Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Invited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Editor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Words
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.