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Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery
Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is here in full — 274 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery
Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Mystery PlaysThe Two Prime OpponentsAnalysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.
In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.
It is difficult to say, with anything like certainty, what is the meaning of the word interlude.
It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.
It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is here in full — 274 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Mystery PlaysThe Two Prime OpponentsAnalysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.
Line 2
In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom Othe Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.
/ɪn ðə priˈsiːdɪŋ ˈtʃæptər aɪ hæv ˈɡɪvən æn æbˈstrækt ʌv ðə laɪf ʌv tɑːm oʊ ðə ˈdɪŋɡəl aɪ wɪl naʊ ɡɪv æn əˈnæləsəs ʌv hɪz ˈɪntərluːd fɜːrst ˌhaʊˈevər ə fjuː wɜːrdz ɑːn ˈɪntərluːdz ɪn ˈdʒenərəl/
Line 3
It is difficult to say, with anything like certainty, what is the meaning of the word interlude.
/ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tuː seɪ wɪð ˈeniθɪŋ laɪk ˈsɜːrtənti wʌt ɪz ðə ˈmiːnɪŋ ʌv ðə wɜːrd ˈɪntərluːd/
Line 4
It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.
Line 5
It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Dingle noun US /ˈdɪŋɡəl/

a small wooded hollow

From this reading “In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.”

fifteenth adjective US /fɪfˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the fourteenth and just before the sixteenth in position

From this reading “It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.”

interchange noun US /ˌɪntərˈtʃeɪndʒ/

a junction of highways on different levels that permits traffic to move from one to another without crossing traffic streams

From this reading “It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.”

interlude noun US /ˈɪntərluːd/

an intervening period or episode

From this reading “Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.”

interludes noun US /ˈɪntərluːdz/

plural of “interlude” — an intervening period or episode

From this reading “In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.”

Opponents noun US /əˈpoʊnənts/

plural of “opponent” — a contestant that you are matched against

From this reading “Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.”

styled verb US /staɪld/

past form of “style” — designate by an identifying term

From this reading “It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.”

supposes verb US /səˈpoʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “suppose” — express a supposition

From this reading “It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fifteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.”

preceding chapter adjective + noun

In this reading “In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.”

few words adjective + noun

In this reading “In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.”

some time adjective + noun

In this reading “It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.”

about the middle preposition + article + noun counted as “about … middle”

In this reading “It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.”

by two preposition + noun

In this reading “It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

abstractverbUS /æbˈstrækt/

consider a concept without thinking of a specific example; consider abstractly or theoretically

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

actingnounUS /ˈæktɪŋ/

the performance of a part or role in a drama

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

AnalysisnounUS /əˈnæləsəs/

an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading It is difficult to say, with anything like certainty, what is the meaning of the word interlude.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

banquetnounUS /ˈbæŋkwət/

a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

certaintynounUS /ˈsɜːrtənti/

the state of being certain

From this reading It is difficult to say, with anything like certainty, what is the meaning of the word interlude.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

coursesnounUS /ˈkɔːrsəz/

plural of “course” — education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading It is difficult to say, with anything like certainty, what is the meaning of the word interlude.

DinglenounUS /ˈdɪŋɡəl/

a small wooded hollow

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

dramaticadjectiveUS /drəˈmætɪk/

suitable to or characteristic of drama

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

festivalnounUS /ˈfestəvəl/

a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

fifteenthadjectiveUS /fɪfˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the fourteenth and just before the sixteenth in position

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

GrandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

interchangenounUS /ˌɪntərˈtʃeɪndʒ/

a junction of highways on different levels that permits traffic to move from one to another without crossing traffic streams

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

InterludenounUS /ˈɪntərluːd/

an intervening period or episode

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

interludesnounUS /ˈɪntərluːdz/

plural of “interlude” — an intervening period or episode

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is difficult to say, with anything like certainty, what is the meaning of the word interlude.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is difficult to say, with anything like certainty, what is the meaning of the word interlude.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading It is difficult to say, with anything like certainty, what is the meaning of the word interlude.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading It is difficult to say, with anything like certainty, what is the meaning of the word interlude.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

Moralities

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

MysteriesnounUS /ˈmɪstəriz/

plural of “mystery” — something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

MysterynounUS /ˈmɪstəri/

something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

occursverbUS /əˈkɜːrz/

third-person singular of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

OpponentsnounUS /əˈpoʊnənts/

plural of “opponent” — a contestant that you are matched against

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

partiesnounUS /ˈpɑːrtiz/

plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

performedverbUS /pərˈfɔːrmd/

past form of “perform” — carry out or perform an action

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

playingnounUS /ˈpleɪɪŋ/

the act of playing a musical instrument

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

PlaysnounUS /pleɪz/

plural of “play” — a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

PoetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

PovertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

PrimeadjectiveUS /praɪm/

first in rank or degree

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

QualitiesnounUS /ˈkwɑːlətiz/

plural of “quality” — an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

RichesnounUS /ˈrɪtʃəz/

an abundance of material possessions and resources

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading It is difficult to say, with anything like certainty, what is the meaning of the word interlude.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

styledverbUS /staɪld/

past form of “style” — designate by an identifying term

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

supposesverbUS /səˈpoʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “suppose” — express a supposition

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is difficult to say, with anything like certainty, what is the meaning of the word interlude.

TomnounUS /tɑːm/

male cat

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

Tom'snounUS /tɑːmz/

possessive form of “tom” — male cat

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Mystery Plays—The Two Prime Opponents—Analysis of Interlude—“Riches and Poverty”—Tom’s Grand Qualities.

Warton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was about the middle of the fifteenth century that dramatic pieces began in England to be called Interludes; for some time previous they had been styled Moralities; but the earliest name by which they were known was Mysteries.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It is difficult to say, with anything like certainty, what is the meaning of the word interlude.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It may mean, as Warton supposes in his history of English Poetry, a short play performed between the courses of a banquet, or festival; or it may mean the playing of something by two or more parties, the interchange of playing or acting which occurs when two or more people act.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is difficult to say, with anything like certainty, what is the meaning of the word interlude.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading It is difficult to say, with anything like certainty, what is the meaning of the word interlude.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading In the preceding chapter I have given an abstract of the life of Tom O’ the Dingle; I will now give an analysis of his interlude; first, however, a few words on interludes in general.

Chapter 23 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow holds 274 sentences, grouped into 55 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery contain?

Chapter 23 holds 274 sentences of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery, unabridged, divided into 55 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 274 sentences, grouped into 55 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery?

Work through the 55 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 55 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Common questions about reading Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery by George Borrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery?

Yes. All 10903 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37665 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37665, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2181 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery section by section

How to work through Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Invited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Editor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Words
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wild Wales: The People, Language, & Scenery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.