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Wilfrid Cumbermede
Wilfrid Cumbermede

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Wilfrid Cumbermede is here in full — 23 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I COBBLE.
All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.
It came about thus.
My uncle had made me a present of an old book with pictures in it.
It was called _The Preceptor_--one of Dodsley’s publications.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wilfrid Cumbermede

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Wilfrid Cumbermede is here in full — 23 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I COBBLE.
/aɪ ˈkɑːbəl/
Line 2
All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.
Line 3
It came about thus.
/ɪt keɪm əˈbaʊt ðʌs/
Line 4
My uncle had made me a present of an old book with pictures in it.
/maɪ ˈʌŋkəl hæd meɪd miː ə ˈprezənt ʌv æn oʊld bʊk wɪð ˈpɪktʃərz ɪn ɪt/
Line 5
It was called _The Preceptor_--one of Dodsley’s publications.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

afresh adverb US /əˈfreʃ/

again but in a new or different way

From this reading “All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.”

cobble verb US /ˈkɑːbəl/

pave with cobblestones

From this reading “I COBBLE.”

employment noun US /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading “All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.”

odd adjective US /ɑːd/

not divisible by two

From this reading “All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.”

pictures noun US /ˈpɪktʃərz/

plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading “My uncle had made me a present of an old book with pictures in it.”

publications noun US /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “publication” — a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading “It was called _The Preceptor_--one of Dodsley’s publications.”

roundabout adjective US /ˈraʊndəbaʊt/

marked by obliqueness or indirection in speech or conduct

From this reading “All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.”

Winters noun US /ˈwɪntərz/

plural of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading “All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It came about thus.

afreshadverbUS /əˈfreʃ/

again but in a new or different way

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading My uncle had made me a present of an old book with pictures in it.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It was called _The Preceptor_--one of Dodsley’s publications.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It came about thus.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

COBBLEverbUS /ˈkɑːbəl/

pave with cobblestones

From this reading I COBBLE.

delightverbUS /dɪˈlaɪt/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

Dodsley's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was called _The Preceptor_--one of Dodsley’s publications.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

employmentnounUS /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading My uncle had made me a present of an old book with pictures in it.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I COBBLE.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading My uncle had made me a present of an old book with pictures in it.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It came about thus.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading My uncle had made me a present of an old book with pictures in it.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

moreoveradverbUS /mɔːˈroʊvər/

in addition to what has just been said

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

oddadjectiveUS /ɑːd/

not divisible by two

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading My uncle had made me a present of an old book with pictures in it.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was called _The Preceptor_--one of Dodsley’s publications.

picturesnounUS /ˈpɪktʃərz/

plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading My uncle had made me a present of an old book with pictures in it.

Preceptornoun

teacher at a university or college (especially at Cambridge or Oxford)

From this reading It was called _The Preceptor_--one of Dodsley’s publications.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading My uncle had made me a present of an old book with pictures in it.

publicationsnounUS /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “publication” — a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading It was called _The Preceptor_--one of Dodsley’s publications.

roundaboutadjectiveUS /ˈraʊndəbaʊt/

marked by obliqueness or indirection in speech or conduct

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading It came about thus.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

unclenounUS /ˈʌŋkəl/

the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading My uncle had made me a present of an old book with pictures in it.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was called _The Preceptor_--one of Dodsley’s publications.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

WintersnounUS /ˈwɪntərz/

plural of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading All this has led me, after a roundabout fashion, to what became for some time the chief delight of my Winters--an employment, moreover, which I have taken up afresh at odd times during my life.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading My uncle had made me a present of an old book with pictures in it.

Chapter 4 of Wilfrid Cumbermede by George MacDonald holds 23 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Wilfrid Cumbermede contain?

Chapter 4 holds 23 sentences of Wilfrid Cumbermede, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Wilfrid Cumbermede by George MacDonald exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 23 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Wilfrid Cumbermede?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wilfrid Cumbermede

Common questions about reading Wilfrid Cumbermede by George MacDonald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wilfrid Cumbermede?

Yes. All 10072 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9183 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wilfrid Cumbermede is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9183, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wilfrid Cumbermede take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2015 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wilfrid Cumbermede section by section

How to work through Wilfrid Cumbermede section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Wilfrid Cumbermede to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wilfrid Cumbermede

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wilfrid Cumbermede, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Where
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilfrid Cumbermede; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Myself
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilfrid Cumbermede; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wisest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilfrid Cumbermede; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chicken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilfrid Cumbermede; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.