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Wilfrid Cumbermede
Wilfrid Cumbermede

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Wilfrid Cumbermede is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE DATES.
I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.
Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.
I took down the volume of the register.
The place was easy to find, seeing, as I have said, it was at the very end of the volume.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wilfrid Cumbermede

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Wilfrid Cumbermede is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE DATES.
/ðə deɪts/
Line 2
I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.
/aɪ hæv ˈɡɪvən ʌv kɔːrs ˈoʊnli æn ɪˈpɪtəmi ʌv ˈaʊər ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən ənd baɪ ðə taɪm wiː hæd ərˈaɪvd æt ðɪs pɔɪnt wiː hæd ˈɔːlsoʊ riːtʃt ðə ɡeɪt ʌv ðə ˈtʃɜːrtʃjɑːrd/
Line 3
Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.
Line 4
I took down the volume of the register.
/aɪ tʊk daʊn ðə ˈvɑːljuːm ʌv ðə ˈredʒɪstər/
Line 5
The place was easy to find, seeing, as I have said, it was at the very end of the volume.
/ðə pleɪs wɑːz ˈiːzi tuː faɪnd ˈsiːɪŋ æz aɪ hæv sed ɪt wɑːz æt ðə ˈveri end ʌv ðə ˈvɑːljuːm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

churchyard noun US /ˈtʃɜːrtʃjɑːrd/

the yard associated with a church

From this reading “I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.”

curtain noun US /ˈkɜːrtən/

hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)

From this reading “Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.”

dates noun US /deɪts/

plural of “date” — the specified day of the month

From this reading “THE DATES.”

dreary adjective US /ˈdrɪri/

lacking in liveliness or charm or surprise

From this reading “Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.”

epitome noun US /ɪˈpɪtəmi/

a standard or typical example

From this reading “I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.”

fastened adjective US /ˈfæsənd/

firmly closed or secured

From this reading “Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.”

register verb US /ˈredʒɪstər/

record in writing; enter into a book of names or events or transactions

From this reading “I took down the volume of the register.”

tombstone noun US /ˈtuːmstoʊn/

a stone that is used to mark a grave

From this reading “Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AgainadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The place was easy to find, seeing, as I have said, it was at the very end of the volume.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

churchyardnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃjɑːrd/

the yard associated with a church

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

curtainnounUS /ˈkɜːrtən/

hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

DATESnounUS /deɪts/

plural of “date” — the specified day of the month

From this reading THE DATES.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading I took down the volume of the register.

drearyadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪri/

lacking in liveliness or charm or surprise

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading The place was easy to find, seeing, as I have said, it was at the very end of the volume.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The place was easy to find, seeing, as I have said, it was at the very end of the volume.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

epitomenounUS /ɪˈpɪtəmi/

a standard or typical example

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

fastenedadjectiveUS /ˈfæsənd/

firmly closed or secured

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading The place was easy to find, seeing, as I have said, it was at the very end of the volume.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The place was easy to find, seeing, as I have said, it was at the very end of the volume.

keynounUS /kiː/

metal device shaped in such a way that when it is inserted into the appropriate lock the lock's mechanism can be rotated

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The place was easy to find, seeing, as I have said, it was at the very end of the volume.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

registerverbUS /ˈredʒɪstər/

record in writing; enter into a book of names or events or transactions

From this reading I took down the volume of the register.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The place was easy to find, seeing, as I have said, it was at the very end of the volume.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading The place was easy to find, seeing, as I have said, it was at the very end of the volume.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE DATES.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The place was easy to find, seeing, as I have said, it was at the very end of the volume.

tombstonenounUS /ˈtuːmstoʊn/

a stone that is used to mark a grave

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The place was easy to find, seeing, as I have said, it was at the very end of the volume.

vestrynoun

in the Protestant Episcopal Church: a committee elected by the congregation to work with the churchwardens in managing the temporal affairs of the church

From this reading Again we fastened up our horses; again he took the key from under the tombstone; and once more we entered the dreary little church, and drew aside the curtain of the vestry.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading I took down the volume of the register.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The place was easy to find, seeing, as I have said, it was at the very end of the volume.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading I have given, of course, only an epitome of our conversation, and by the time we had arrived at this point we had also reached the gate of the churchyard.

Chapter 31 of Wilfrid Cumbermede by George MacDonald holds 67 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Wilfrid Cumbermede contain?

Chapter 31 holds 67 sentences of Wilfrid Cumbermede, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Wilfrid Cumbermede by George MacDonald exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 67 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Wilfrid Cumbermede?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wilfrid Cumbermede

Common questions about reading Wilfrid Cumbermede by George MacDonald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wilfrid Cumbermede?

Yes. All 10072 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9183 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wilfrid Cumbermede is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9183, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wilfrid Cumbermede take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2015 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wilfrid Cumbermede section by section

How to work through Wilfrid Cumbermede section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Wilfrid Cumbermede to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wilfrid Cumbermede

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wilfrid Cumbermede, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Where
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilfrid Cumbermede; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Myself
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilfrid Cumbermede; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wisest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilfrid Cumbermede; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chicken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilfrid Cumbermede; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.