Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
William Shakespeare: A Critical Study
William Shakespeare: A Critical Study

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study is here in full — 383 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for William Shakespeare: A Critical Study
Context Illustration Reading 1/76 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.
The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.
People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.
The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.
Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

William Shakespeare: A Critical Study

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study is here in full — 383 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/76 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.
Line 2
The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.
Line 3
People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.
Line 4
The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.
Line 5
Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

artisans noun US /ˈɑːrtəzənz/

plural of “artisan” — a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft

From this reading “The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.”

beguiled adjective US /bɪˈɡaɪld/

filled with wonder and delight

From this reading “People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.”

Denmark noun US /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading “The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.”

Elves noun US /elvz/

an acronym for emissions of light and very low frequency perturbations due to electromagnetic pulse sources

From this reading “The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.”

imitations noun US /ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “imitation” — the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations

From this reading “The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.”

Nutcrackers noun US /ˈnʌtkrækərz/

plural of “nutcracker” — a compound lever used to crack nuts open

Puck noun US /pʌk/

a mischievous sprite of English folklore

From this reading “Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.”

Sleepers noun US /ˈsliːpərz/

plural of “sleeper” — a rester who is sleeping

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

nineteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.”

twenty years noun + noun

In this reading “Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.”

for instance preposition + noun

as an example

In this reading “Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.”

mere shadow adjective + noun

In this reading “Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.”

introduced into verb + particle counted as “introduce into”

In this reading “The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.”

in comparison preposition + noun

In this reading “Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.

Ariel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

artisansnounUS /ˈɑːrtəzənz/

plural of “artisan” — a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

astrayadverbUS /əˈstreɪ/

away from the right path or direction

From this reading People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

beguiledadjectiveUS /bɪˈɡaɪld/

filled with wonder and delight

From this reading People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

bringsverbUS /brɪŋz/

third-person singular of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

comedynounUS /ˈkɑːmədi/

light and humorous drama with a happy ending

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

comparisonnounUS /kəmˈperəsən/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

creationnounUS /kriˈeɪʃən/

the human act of creating

From this reading Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

DaynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

DenmarknounUS /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

DreamnounUS /driːm/

A series of thoughts, images, or emotions during sleep.

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

elementnounUS /ˈeləmənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

ElvesnounUS /elvz/

an acronym for emissions of light and very low frequency perturbations due to electromagnetic pulse sources

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

exquisitelyadverbUS /ˌekˈskwɪzɪtli/

in a delicate manner

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

fairiesnounUS /ˈferiz/

plural of “fairy” — a small being, human in form, playful and having magical powers

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

fairynounUS /ˈferi/

a small being, human in form, playful and having magical powers

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

feweradjectiveUS /ˈfjuːər/

(comparative of “few” used with count nouns) quantifier meaning a smaller number of

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

Heiberg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

humorousadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmərəs/

full of or characterized by humor

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

imitatedverbUS /ˈɪməteɪtɪd/

past form of “imitate” — reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

imitationsnounUS /ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “imitation” — the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

immortaladjUS /ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl/

Living forever; never dying or decaying. (Bất tử, trường tồn vĩnh cửu.)

From this reading Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

innocentadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

LnounUS /el/

a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

lackingadjectiveUS /ˈlækɪŋ/

inadequate in amount or degree

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.

love-illusions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

midnightnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.

MidsummernounUS /ˈmɪdˈsʌmər/

June 21, when the sun is at its northernmost point

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

Night'snounUS /naɪts/

possessive form of “night” — the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

nineteenthadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

NutcrackersnounUS /ˈnʌtkrækərz/

plural of “nutcracker” — a compound lever used to crack nuts open

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

PeoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.

physiognomies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

prosenounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

PucknounUS /pʌk/

a mischievous sprite of English folklore

From this reading Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

retainverbUS /rɪˈteɪn/

hold back within

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

rudeadjectiveUS /ruːd/

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

SevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

Shakespeare'snounUS /ˈʃeɪkspiːrz/

possessive form of “shakespeare” — English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

SleepersnounUS /ˈsliːpərz/

plural of “sleeper” — a rester who is sleeping

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

sportivenessnoun

lively high-spirited playfulness

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

TempestnounUS /ˈtempəst/

a violent commotion or disturbance

From this reading Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

thaumaturgynoun

any art that invokes supernatural powers

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

Tieck

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

victimisedadjective

(of persons) taken advantage of

From this reading People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.

voicesnounUS /ˈvɔɪsəz/

plural of “voice” — the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.

wanderingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːndərɪŋ/

migratory

From this reading People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The fairy element introduced into the comedy brings in its train not only the many love-illusions, but other and external forms of thaumaturgy as well.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading People are beguiled by wandering voices, led astray in the midnight wood, and victimised in many innocent ways.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading The contrast between the rude artisans' prose and the poetry of the fairy world is exquisitely humorous, and has been frequently imitated in the nineteenth century: in Germany by Tieck; in Denmark by J. L. Heiberg, who has written no fewer than three imitations of _A Midsummer Night's Dream--The Elves, The Day of the Seven Sleepers_, and _The Nutcrackers_.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Puck, for instance, is a mere shadow in comparison with a creation of twenty years later, the immortal Ariel of _The Tempest_.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The fairies retain from first to last their grace and sportiveness, but the individual physiognomies, in this stage of Shakespeare's development, are as yet somewhat lacking in expression.

Chapter 4 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study by Georg Brandes holds 383 sentences, grouped into 77 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study contain?

Chapter 4 holds 383 sentences of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study, unabridged, divided into 77 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study by Georg Brandes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 383 sentences, grouped into 77 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study?

Work through the 77 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 77 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading William Shakespeare: A Critical Study

Common questions about reading William Shakespeare: A Critical Study by Georg Brandes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study?

Yes. All 12402 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50724 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50724, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does William Shakespeare: A Critical Study take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2481 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read William Shakespeare: A Critical Study section by section

How to work through William Shakespeare: A Critical Study section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in William Shakespeare: A Critical Study

Words and structures a reader meets early in William Shakespeare: A Critical Study, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Copenhagen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Three
A word that appears in the opening chapter of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.