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William Shakespeare: A Critical Study
William Shakespeare: A Critical Study

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study is here in full — 421 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.
It is especially the power of malevolence that now looms large before his eyes.
We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."
Still more strongly is it apparent in _Measure for Measure_ (v.
I):-- "Make not impossible That which but seems unlike.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

William Shakespeare: A Critical Study

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study is here in full — 421 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.
Line 2
It is especially the power of malevolence that now looms large before his eyes.
Line 3
We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."
Line 4
Still more strongly is it apparent in _Measure for Measure_ (v.
/stɪl mɔːr ˈstrɔːŋli ɪz ɪt əˈperənt ɪn ˈmeʒər fɔːr ˈmeʒər viː/
Line 5
I):-- "Make not impossible That which but seems unlike.
/aɪ meɪk nɑːt ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl ðæt wɪtʃ bʌt siːmz ənˈlaɪk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

allotted adjective US /əˈlɑːtɪd/

given as a task

From this reading “What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.”

conjunction noun US /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

the temporal property of two things happening at the same time

From this reading “What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.”

disasters noun US /dɪˈzæstərz/

plural of “disaster” — a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading “What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.”

earthly adjective US /ˈɜːrθli/

of or belonging to or characteristic of this earth as distinguished from heaven

From this reading “What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.”

forcibly adverb US /ˈfɔːrsəbli/

in a forcible manner

From this reading “What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.”

looms noun US /luːmz/

plural of “loom” — a textile machine for weaving yarn into a textile

From this reading “It is especially the power of malevolence that now looms large before his eyes.”

stupidity noun US /stuːˈpɪdɪtiː/

a poor ability to understand or to profit from experience

From this reading “What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.”

villain noun US /ˈvɪlən/

a wicked or evil person; someone who does evil deliberately

From this reading “We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

looms large verb + adjective counted as “loom large”

In this reading “It is especially the power of malevolence that now looms large before his eyes.”

earthly life adjective + noun

In this reading “What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.”

brought about verb + particle counted as “bring about”

cause to move into the opposite direction

In this reading “What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

allottedadjectiveUS /əˈlɑːtɪd/

given as a task

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."

apparentadjectiveUS /əˈperənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Still more strongly is it apparent in _Measure for Measure_ (v.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

astonishmentnounUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt/

the feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising

From this reading We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It is especially the power of malevolence that now looms large before his eyes.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

conjunctionnounUS /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

the temporal property of two things happening at the same time

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

destinynounUS /ˈdestəni/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

disastersnounUS /dɪˈzæstərz/

plural of “disaster” — a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

earthlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrθli/

of or belonging to or characteristic of this earth as distinguished from heaven

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading It is especially the power of malevolence that now looms large before his eyes.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading It is especially the power of malevolence that now looms large before his eyes.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."

forciblyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrsəbli/

in a forcible manner

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

Hamlet's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It is especially the power of malevolence that now looms large before his eyes.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I):-- "Make not impossible That which but seems unlike.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading I):-- "Make not impossible That which but seems unlike.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It is especially the power of malevolence that now looms large before his eyes.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

loomsnounUS /luːmz/

plural of “loom” — a textile machine for weaving yarn into a textile

From this reading It is especially the power of malevolence that now looms large before his eyes.

MakeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading I):-- "Make not impossible That which but seems unlike.

malevolencenoun

wishing evil to others

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."

MeasurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Still more strongly is it apparent in _Measure for Measure_ (v.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Still more strongly is it apparent in _Measure for Measure_ (v.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It is especially the power of malevolence that now looms large before his eyes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

pitifulness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading It is especially the power of malevolence that now looms large before his eyes.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading I):-- "Make not impossible That which but seems unlike.

smileverbUS /smaɪl/

change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Still more strongly is it apparent in _Measure for Measure_ (v.

stronglyadverbUS /ˈstrɔːŋli/

with strength or in a strong manner

From this reading Still more strongly is it apparent in _Measure for Measure_ (v.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

stupiditynounUS /stuːˈpɪdɪtiː/

a poor ability to understand or to profit from experience

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is especially the power of malevolence that now looms large before his eyes.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

unlikeadjectiveUS /ənˈlaɪk/

marked by dissimilarity

From this reading I):-- "Make not impossible That which but seems unlike.

vnounUS /viː/

a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt

From this reading Still more strongly is it apparent in _Measure for Measure_ (v.

villainnounUS /ˈvɪlən/

a wicked or evil person; someone who does evil deliberately

From this reading We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We see this in Hamlet's astonishment that it is possible for a man "to smile and smile and be a villain."

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I):-- "Make not impossible That which but seems unlike.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading What struck him so forcibly in these years was the pitifulness of earthly life, exposed as it is to disasters, not allotted by destiny, but brought about by a conjunction of stupidity with malevolence.

Chapter 12 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study by Georg Brandes holds 421 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study contain?

Chapter 12 holds 421 sentences of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study by Georg Brandes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 421 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading William Shakespeare: A Critical Study

Common questions about reading William Shakespeare: A Critical Study by Georg Brandes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study?

Yes. All 12402 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50724 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50724, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does William Shakespeare: A Critical Study take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2481 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in William Shakespeare: A Critical Study

Words and structures a reader meets early in William Shakespeare: A Critical Study, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Copenhagen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Three
A word that appears in the opening chapter of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.