Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
William Shakespeare: A Critical Study
William Shakespeare: A Critical Study

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study is here in full — 388 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for William Shakespeare: A Critical Study
Context Illustration Reading 1/77 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.
In spite of its wealth of incident, it is distinctly Shakespeare's shortest work.
There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.
It is plain, moreover, that the structure of the piece has been tampered with.
The dialogue between Malcolm and Macduff (iv.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

William Shakespeare: A Critical Study

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study is here in full — 388 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/77 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.
/ðə æbˈnɔːrməl ˈʃɔːrtnəs ʌv ðə pleɪ ɪz ɪn ˌɪtˈself æn ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ʌv wʌt hæz ˈhæpənd/
Line 2
In spite of its wealth of incident, it is distinctly Shakespeare's shortest work.
/ɪn spaɪt ʌv ɪts welθ ʌv ˈɪnsədənt ɪt ɪz dɪˈstɪŋktli ˈʃeɪkspiːrz ˈʃɔːrtɪst wɜːrk/
Line 3
There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.
Line 4
It is plain, moreover, that the structure of the piece has been tampered with.
/ɪt ɪz pleɪn mɔːˈroʊvər ðæt ðə ˈstrʌktʃər ʌv ðə piːs hæz bɪn ˈtæmpərd wɪð/
Line 5
The dialogue between Malcolm and Macduff (iv.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abnormal adjective US /æbˈnɔːrməl/

not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm

From this reading “The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.”

dialogue noun US /ˈdaɪəlɔːɡ/

a conversation between two persons

From this reading “The dialogue between Malcolm and Macduff (iv.”

indication noun US /ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən/

something that serves to indicate or suggest

From this reading “The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.”

Macbeth noun US /məkˈbeθ/

king of Scotland (died in 1057)

Shakespeare's noun US /ˈʃeɪkspiːrz/

possessive form of “shakespeare” — English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading “In spite of its wealth of incident, it is distinctly Shakespeare's shortest work.”

shortest adjective US /ˈʃɔːrtɪst/

superlative of “short” — primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading “In spite of its wealth of incident, it is distinctly Shakespeare's shortest work.”

shortness noun US /ˈʃɔːrtnəs/

the property of being of short spatial extent

From this reading “The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.”

tampered verb US /ˈtæmpərd/

past form of “tamper” — play around with or alter or falsify, usually secretively or dishonestly

From this reading “It is plain, moreover, that the structure of the piece has been tampered with.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

In spite preposition + noun

In this reading “In spite of its wealth of incident, it is distinctly Shakespeare's shortest work.”

All words in this reading · 49

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1993

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.

3599

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.

3924

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.

abnormaladjectiveUS /æbˈnɔːrməl/

not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm

From this reading The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The dialogue between Malcolm and Macduff (iv.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It is plain, moreover, that the structure of the piece has been tampered with.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The dialogue between Malcolm and Macduff (iv.

cnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.

dialoguenounUS /ˈdaɪəlɔːɡ/

a conversation between two persons

From this reading The dialogue between Malcolm and Macduff (iv.

distinctlyadverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋktli/

clear to the mind; with distinct mental discernment

From this reading In spite of its wealth of incident, it is distinctly Shakespeare's shortest work.

HamletnounUS /ˈhæmlət/

a community of people smaller than a village

From this reading There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.

incidentnounUS /ˈɪnsədənt/

a single distinct event

From this reading In spite of its wealth of incident, it is distinctly Shakespeare's shortest work.

indicationnounUS /ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən/

something that serves to indicate or suggest

From this reading The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In spite of its wealth of incident, it is distinctly Shakespeare's shortest work.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In spite of its wealth of incident, it is distinctly Shakespeare's shortest work.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.

ivnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading The dialogue between Malcolm and Macduff (iv.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.

MacbethnounUS /məkˈbeθ/

king of Scotland (died in 1057)

From this reading There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.

Macduff

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dialogue between Malcolm and Macduff (iv.

Malcolm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dialogue between Malcolm and Macduff (iv.

moreoveradverbUS /mɔːˈroʊvər/

in addition to what has just been said

From this reading It is plain, moreover, that the structure of the piece has been tampered with.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading It is plain, moreover, that the structure of the piece has been tampered with.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading It is plain, moreover, that the structure of the piece has been tampered with.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.

Shakespeare'snounUS /ˈʃeɪkspiːrz/

possessive form of “shakespeare” — English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading In spite of its wealth of incident, it is distinctly Shakespeare's shortest work.

shortestadjectiveUS /ˈʃɔːrtɪst/

superlative of “short” — primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading In spite of its wealth of incident, it is distinctly Shakespeare's shortest work.

shortnessnounUS /ˈʃɔːrtnəs/

the property of being of short spatial extent

From this reading The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading In spite of its wealth of incident, it is distinctly Shakespeare's shortest work.

structurenounUS /ˈstrʌktʃər/

a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading It is plain, moreover, that the structure of the piece has been tampered with.

tamperedverbUS /ˈtæmpərd/

past form of “tamper” — play around with or alter or falsify, usually secretively or dishonestly

From this reading It is plain, moreover, that the structure of the piece has been tampered with.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is plain, moreover, that the structure of the piece has been tampered with.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading In spite of its wealth of incident, it is distinctly Shakespeare's shortest work.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The abnormal shortness of the play is in itself an indication of what has happened.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading There are 3924 lines in _Hamlet_, 3599 in _Richard III_., &c., &c., while in _Macbeth_ there are only 1993.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is plain, moreover, that the structure of the piece has been tampered with.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading In spite of its wealth of incident, it is distinctly Shakespeare's shortest work.

Chapter 20 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study by Georg Brandes holds 388 sentences, grouped into 78 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study contain?

Chapter 20 holds 388 sentences of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study, unabridged, divided into 78 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study by Georg Brandes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 388 sentences, grouped into 78 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study?

Work through the 78 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 78 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading William Shakespeare: A Critical Study

Common questions about reading William Shakespeare: A Critical Study by Georg Brandes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study?

Yes. All 12402 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50724 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50724, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does William Shakespeare: A Critical Study take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2481 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read William Shakespeare: A Critical Study section by section

How to work through William Shakespeare: A Critical Study section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in William Shakespeare: A Critical Study

Words and structures a reader meets early in William Shakespeare: A Critical Study, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Copenhagen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Three
A word that appears in the opening chapter of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of William Shakespeare: A Critical Study; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.