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Willie the Waif
Willie the Waif

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Willie the Waif is here in full — 88 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Willie the Waif
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.
There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.
It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.
But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.
Most of them were broken and patched with brown paper.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Willie the Waif

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Willie the Waif is here in full — 88 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.
/ˈrʌnɪŋ əˈweɪ frʌm hoʊm wʌn hɑːt ˈsʌmərz deɪ ðə sʌn wɑːz ˈtraɪɪŋ tuː ʃaɪn ˈɪntuː ə puːr ˈmɪzərəbəl ˈæli ɪn ˈlʌndən/
Line 2
There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.
Line 3
It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.
Line 4
But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.
/bʌt ˈiːvɪn səˈpoʊzɪŋ ðə sʌn kʊd hæv ʃoʊn ˈɪntuː ðə kɔːrt ɪt wʊd nɑːt hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tuː pɪrs ˈɪntuː ðə ruːmz fɔːr ðə ˈwɪndoʊz wɜːr tuː ˈdɜːrti/
Line 5
Most of them were broken and patched with brown paper.
/moʊst ʌv ðem wɜːr ˈbroʊkən ənd pætʃt wɪð braʊn ˈpeɪpər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alley noun US /ˈæli/

a narrow street with walls on both sides

From this reading “RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.”

glinting adjective US /ˈɡlɪntɪŋ/

having brief brilliant points or flashes of light

From this reading “It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.”

patched adjective US /pætʃt/

mended usually clumsily by covering a hole with a patch

From this reading “Most of them were broken and patched with brown paper.”

pavement noun US /ˈpeɪvmənt/

the paved surface of a thoroughfare

From this reading “It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.”

pierce verb US /pɪrs/

cut or make a way through

From this reading “But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.”

Primrose noun US /ˈprɪmroʊz/

any of numerous short-stemmed plants of the genus Primula having tufted basal leaves and showy flowers clustered in umbels or heads

From this reading “There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.”

summer's noun US /ˈsʌmərz/

possessive form of “summer” — the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading “RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.”

supposing verb US /səˈpoʊzɪŋ/

-ing form of “suppose” — express a supposition

From this reading “But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.

alleynounUS /ˈæli/

a narrow street with walls on both sides

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

AWAYadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading Most of them were broken and patched with brown paper.

brownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading Most of them were broken and patched with brown paper.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

dirtyadjectiveUS /ˈdɜːrti/

soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime

From this reading But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

glintingadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɪntɪŋ/

having brief brilliant points or flashes of light

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

HOMEnounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

miserableadjectiveUS /ˈmɪzərəbəl/

very unhappy; full of misery

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

MostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Most of them were broken and patched with brown paper.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading Most of them were broken and patched with brown paper.

patchedadjectiveUS /pætʃt/

mended usually clumsily by covering a hole with a patch

From this reading Most of them were broken and patched with brown paper.

pavementnounUS /ˈpeɪvmənt/

the paved surface of a thoroughfare

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

pierceverbUS /pɪrs/

cut or make a way through

From this reading But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.

PlacenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

PrimrosenounUS /ˈprɪmroʊz/

any of numerous short-stemmed plants of the genus Primula having tufted basal leaves and showy flowers clustered in umbels or heads

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

roomsnounUS /ruːmz/

apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms used as a living unit (as in a hotel)

From this reading But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.

RUNNINGadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

shineverbUS /ʃaɪn/

be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

shiningadjectiveUS /ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/

marked by exceptional merit

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

shoneverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

summer'snounUS /ˈsʌmərz/

possessive form of “summer” — the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

sunbeams

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

supposingverbUS /səˈpoʊzɪŋ/

-ing form of “suppose” — express a supposition

From this reading But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading RUNNING AWAY FROM HOME One hot summer's day the sun was trying to shine into a poor, miserable alley in London.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading There are some places in that great city where even the sun cannot find its way, and Primrose Place was one of them.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading It was a very narrow court, and the houses on both sides were so high that the people who lived there had never seen the sunbeams shining on the pavement or glinting on the windows.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Most of them were broken and patched with brown paper.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading But even supposing the sun could have shone into the court, it would not have been able to pierce into the rooms, for the windows were too dirty.

Chapter 1 of Willie the Waif by Minie Herbert holds 88 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Willie the Waif contain?

Chapter 1 holds 88 sentences of Willie the Waif, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Willie the Waif by Minie Herbert exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 88 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Willie the Waif?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Willie the Waif

Common questions about reading Willie the Waif by Minie Herbert on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Willie the Waif?

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Willie the Waif

Words and structures a reader meets early in Willie the Waif, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Willie the Waif, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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