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Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton
Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton is here in full — 235 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
--Preparations--The Scales of Justice.
At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.
He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.
When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.
His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton is here in full — 235 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
--Preparations--The Scales of Justice.
Line 2
At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.
Line 3
He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.
/hiː wɑːz drest ɪn hɪz best əˈpærəl ɪn ˈɔːrdər tuː dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ hɪmˈself frʌm ˈkɑːmən ˈkʌlprɪts ənd tuː ɡɪv ðɪs puːr ɪkˈstɜːrnəl ˈevədəns ʌv hɪz ræŋk wɪð ə hoʊp ðæt ɪt maɪt tel tuː ə ˈsɜːrtən ɪkˈstent æt liːst əˈpɑːn ðə ˈfiːlɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈdʒʊri/
Line 4
When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.
/wen pleɪst ɪn ðə dɑːk ə ˈdʒenərəl bʌz ənd ˈbʌsəl ˈædʒəteɪtɪd ðə hoʊl kɔːrt hɪz frendz bɪˈkeɪm əˈlɜːrt ənd ˈwɪspərd tuː iːtʃ ˈʌðər wɪð mʌtʃ ˈɜːrnəstnəs ənd ə væst ˈnʌmbər ʌv ðem baʊd tuː hɪm ənd ʃʊk hændz wɪð hɪm ənd ædˈvaɪzd hɪm tuː biː kuːl ənd kiːp ʌp hɪz ˈspɪrɪts/
Line 5
His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.
/hɪz əˈpɪrəns ˌhaʊˈevər wɑːz ˈeni θɪŋ bʌt fɜːrm hɪz feɪs wɑːz ˈdedli peɪl hɪz aɪz dʌl ənd ˈkaʊərdli hɪz niːz ˈtrembəld soʊ mʌtʃ ðæt hiː wɑːz əˈblaɪdʒd tuː səˈpɔːrt hɪmˈself ɑːn ðə frʌnt ʌv ðə dɑːk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apparel noun US /əˈpærəl/

clothing in general

From this reading “He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.”

bustle noun US /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading “When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.”

buzz verb US /bʌz/

make a buzzing sound

From this reading “When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.”

culprits noun US /ˈkʌlprɪts/

plural of “culprit” — someone who perpetrates wrongdoing

From this reading “He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.”

dock noun US /dɑːk/

an enclosure in a court of law where the defendant sits during the trial

From this reading “At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.”

external adjective US /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading “He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.”

Protestantism noun US /ˈprɑːtəstəntɪzəm/

the theological system of any of the churches of western Christendom that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation

From this reading “At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.”

Scales noun US /skeɪlz/

plural of “scale” — an ordered reference standard

From this reading “--Preparations--The Scales of Justice.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

advisedadjectiveUS /ædˈvaɪzd/

having the benefit of careful prior consideration or counsel

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

agitatedadjectiveUS /ˈædʒəteɪtɪd/

troubled emotionally and usually deeply

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

alertadjectiveUS /əˈlɜːrt/

engaged in or accustomed to close observation

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

apparelnounUS /əˈpærəl/

clothing in general

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

bowedadjectiveUS /baʊd/

of a stringed instrument; sounded by stroking with a bow

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

bustlenounUS /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

buzzverbUS /bʌz/

make a buzzing sound

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

championnounUS /ˈtʃæmpiən/

someone who has won first place in a competition

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

conductedverbUS /kənˈdʌktəd/

past form of “conduct” — direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

cooladjectiveUS /kuːl/

neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

court-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

cowardlyadjectiveUS /ˈkaʊərdli/

lacking courage; ignobly timid and faint-hearted

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

creednounUS /kriːd/

any system of principles or beliefs

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

culpritsnounUS /ˈkʌlprɪts/

plural of “culprit” — someone who perpetrates wrongdoing

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

deadlyadjectiveUS /ˈdedli/

causing or capable of causing death

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

distinguishverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

mark as different

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

docknounUS /dɑːk/

an enclosure in a court of law where the defendant sits during the trial

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

dulladjectiveUS /dʌl/

lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

earnestnessnounUS /ˈɜːrnəstnəs/

an earnest and sincere feeling

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

firmadjectiveUS /fɜːrm/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

jurynounUS /ˈdʒʊri/

a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

JusticenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading --Preparations--The Scales of Justice.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

kneesnounUS /niːz/

plural of “knee” — hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading --Preparations--The Scales of Justice.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

PreparationsnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “preparation” — the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading --Preparations--The Scales of Justice.

ProtestantismnounUS /ˈprɑːtəstəntɪzəm/

the theological system of any of the churches of western Christendom that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

ScalesnounUS /skeɪlz/

plural of “scale” — an ordered reference standard

From this reading --Preparations--The Scales of Justice.

shooknounUS /ʃʊk/

a disassembled barrel; the parts packed for storage or shipment

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading --Preparations--The Scales of Justice.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

trembledverbUS /ˈtrembəld/

past form of “tremble” — move or jerk quickly and involuntarily up and down or sideways

From this reading His appearance, however, was any thing but firm; his face was deadly pale, his eyes dull and cowardly, his knees trembled so much that he was obliged to support himself on the front of the dock.

trialnounUS /ˈtraɪəl/

the act of testing something

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

whisperedadjectiveUS /ˈwɪspərd/

spoken in soft hushed tones without vibrations of the vocal cords

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

Whitecraft

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At last the trial came on, and Sir Robert Whitecraft, the great champion of Protestantism--a creed which he did not believe--was conducted into the court-house and placed in the dock.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading When placed in the dock, a general buzz and bustle agitated the whole court His friends became alert, and whispered to each other with much earnestness, and a vast number of them bowed to him, and shook hands with him, and advised him to be cool, and keep up his spirits.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He was dressed in his best apparel, in order to distinguish himself from common culprits, and to give this poor external evidence of his rank, with a hope that it might tell, to a certain extent at least, upon the feeling of the jury.

Chapter 20 of Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton by William Carleton holds 235 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton contain?

Chapter 20 holds 235 sentences of Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton by William Carleton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 235 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #16001, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 562 minutes of reading across 1350 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton

Words and structures a reader meets early in Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Spirit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
George
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prince
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Regent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Willy Reilly The Works of William Carleton; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.