Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force
Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force is here in full — 133 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
'GAINST HEAVY ODDS The Rhodesians were men of few words.
They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.
The enemies that were threatening them were of a worse type.
The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.
Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force is here in full — 133 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
'GAINST HEAVY ODDS The Rhodesians were men of few words.
Line 2
They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.
Line 3
The enemies that were threatening them were of a worse type.
/ðə ˈenəmiz ðæt wɜːr ˈθretənɪŋ ðem wɜːr ʌv ə wɜːrs taɪp/
Line 4
The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.
Line 5
Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Attila noun US /əˈtɪlə/

king of the Huns; the most successful barbarian invader of the Roman Empire (406-453)

From this reading “Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.”

bestial adjective US /ˈbestʃəl/

resembling a beast; showing lack of human sensibility

From this reading “Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.”

brutality noun US /bruːˈtæləti/

the trait of extreme cruelty

From this reading “The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.”

cartridge noun US /ˈkɑːrtrədʒ/

ammunition consisting of a cylindrical casing containing an explosive charge and a bullet; fired from a rifle or handgun

From this reading “They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.”

imitators noun US /ˈɪmɪteɪtərz/

plural of “imitator” — someone who (fraudulently) assumes the appearance of another

From this reading “Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.”

scourge noun US /skɜːrdʒ/

a whip used to inflict punishment (often used for pedantic humor)

From this reading “Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.”

veneer noun US /vəˈnɪr/

coating consisting of a thin layer of superior wood glued to a base of inferior wood

From this reading “Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.”

waging verb US /ˈweɪdʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “wage” — carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns)

From this reading “Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

waging war noun + noun counted as “wage war”

In this reading “Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.”

few words adjective + noun

In this reading “'GAINST HEAVY ODDS The Rhodesians were men of few words.”

fought against verb + particle counted as “fight against”

In this reading “They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.”

winning side adjective + noun

In this reading “The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The enemies that were threatening them were of a worse type.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

ancestorsnounUS /ˈænsestərz/

plural of “ancestor” — someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

Askaris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

AttilanounUS /əˈtɪlə/

king of the Huns; the most successful barbarian invader of the Roman Empire (406-453)

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

bestialadjectiveUS /ˈbestʃəl/

resembling a beast; showing lack of human sensibility

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

brutalitynounUS /bruːˈtæləti/

the trait of extreme cruelty

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

cartridgenounUS /ˈkɑːrtrədʒ/

ammunition consisting of a cylindrical casing containing an explosive charge and a bullet; fired from a rifle or handgun

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

civilisationnoun

the social process whereby societies achieve an advanced stage of development and organization

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

combineverbUS /ˈkɑːmbaɪn/

have or possess in combination

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

confidentadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnfədənt/

having or marked by confidence or assurance

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

crueltynounUS /ˈkruːlti/

a cruel act; a deliberate infliction of pain and suffering

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

descendantsnounUS /dɪˈsendənts/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading The enemies that were threatening them were of a worse type.

exhibitedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪbətəd/

past form of “exhibit” — show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

ferociousadjectiveUS /fərˈoʊʃəs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading 'GAINST HEAVY ODDS The Rhodesians were men of few words.

firedadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪərd/

having lost your job

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

foenounUS /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

GAINST

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'GAINST HEAVY ODDS The Rhodesians were men of few words.

gallantadjectiveUS /ˈɡælənt/

unflinching in battle or action

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

HEAVYadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading 'GAINST HEAVY ODDS The Rhodesians were men of few words.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

Hunnish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

imitatorsnounUS /ˈɪmɪteɪtərz/

plural of “imitator” — someone who (fraudulently) assumes the appearance of another

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

keenadjectiveUS /kiːn/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

Lobengula's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

MajoradjectiveUS /ˈmeɪdʒər/

of greater importance or stature or rank

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

Matabelenoun

a Bantu language sometimes considered a dialect of Zulu

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading 'GAINST HEAVY ODDS The Rhodesians were men of few words.

methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

ODDSnounUS /ɑːdz/

the likelihood of a thing occurring rather than not occurring

From this reading 'GAINST HEAVY ODDS The Rhodesians were men of few words.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 'GAINST HEAVY ODDS The Rhodesians were men of few words.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

Rhodesians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'GAINST HEAVY ODDS The Rhodesians were men of few words.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

scourgenounUS /skɜːrdʒ/

a whip used to inflict punishment (often used for pedantic humor)

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

stabbing-spears

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The enemies that were threatening them were of a worse type.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 'GAINST HEAVY ODDS The Rhodesians were men of few words.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The enemies that were threatening them were of a worse type.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

threateningadjectiveUS /ˈθretənɪŋ/

threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

From this reading The enemies that were threatening them were of a worse type.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

typenounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading The enemies that were threatening them were of a worse type.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

veneernounUS /vəˈnɪr/

coating consisting of a thin layer of superior wood glued to a base of inferior wood

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

wagingverbUS /ˈweɪdʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “wage” — carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns)

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Attila was a scourge; his modern descendants are simply imitators who, having the thin veneer of civilisation, combine science with bestial brutality in their methods of waging war.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading 'GAINST HEAVY ODDS The Rhodesians were men of few words.

wheneverconjunctionUS /weˈnevər/

at any time that; every time that

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

WilsonnounUS /ˈwɪlsən/

author of the first novel by an African American that was published in the United States (1808-1870)

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

winningadjectiveUS /ˈwɪnɪŋ/

having won

From this reading The Askaris, naturally ferocious, were under German command, and the German, whenever he is confident that he is on the winning side, exhibited all the brutality and cruelty of his Hunnish ancestors.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They were men of action; of the same blood as the gallant party who, under Major Wilson, fought against thousands of Matabele until the last cartridge had been fired and the last man fell with his face to the foe under the keen stabbing-spears of Lobengula's warriors.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading 'GAINST HEAVY ODDS The Rhodesians were men of few words.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading The enemies that were threatening them were of a worse type.

Chapter 16 of Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman holds 133 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force contain?

Chapter 16 holds 133 sentences of Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 133 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force

Common questions about reading Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force?

Yes. All 2665 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26642 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26642, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force take to read?

About 222 minutes of reading across 533 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force section by section

How to work through Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Billy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Barcroft
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
O'clock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilmshurst of the Frontier Force; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.