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Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23
Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23 is here in full — 432 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Aminadab obeyed.
And Fletcher did see her.
Some time after the departure of Aminadab he crossed the green.
It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.
Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23 is here in full — 432 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Aminadab obeyed.
Line 2
And Fletcher did see her.
/ənd ˈfletʃər dɪd siː hɜːr/
Line 3
Some time after the departure of Aminadab he crossed the green.
Line 4
It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.
Line 5
Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beings noun US /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading “Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.”

belong verb US /bɪˈlɔːŋ/

be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading “Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.”

departure noun US /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading “Some time after the departure of Aminadab he crossed the green.”

Fletcher noun US /ˈfletʃər/

prolific English dramatist who collaborated with Francis Beaumont and many other dramatists (1579-1625)

From this reading “And Fletcher did see her.”

motive noun US /ˈmoʊtɪv/

the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading “It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.”

natures noun US /ˈneɪtʃərz/

plural of “nature” — the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading “Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.”

obeyed verb US /oʊˈbeɪd/

past form of “obey” — be obedient to

From this reading “Aminadab obeyed.”

refrained verb US /rɪˈfreɪnd/

past form of “refrain” — resist doing something

From this reading “It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.”

All words in this reading · 51

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Some time after the departure of Aminadab he crossed the green.

Aminadab

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Aminadab obeyed.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And Fletcher did see her.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

belongverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋ/

be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading Some time after the departure of Aminadab he crossed the green.

departurenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading Some time after the departure of Aminadab he crossed the green.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading And Fletcher did see her.

divineadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪn/

emanating from God

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

FletchernounUS /ˈfletʃər/

prolific English dramatist who collaborated with Francis Beaumont and many other dramatists (1579-1625)

From this reading And Fletcher did see her.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Some time after the departure of Aminadab he crossed the green.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Some time after the departure of Aminadab he crossed the green.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading And Fletcher did see her.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

motivenounUS /ˈmoʊtɪv/

the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

naturesnounUS /ˈneɪtʃərz/

plural of “nature” — the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

obeyedverbUS /oʊˈbeɪd/

past form of “obey” — be obedient to

From this reading Aminadab obeyed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Some time after the departure of Aminadab he crossed the green.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

penitencenoun

remorse for your past conduct

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

refrainedverbUS /rɪˈfreɪnd/

past form of “refrain” — resist doing something

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading And Fletcher did see her.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some time after the departure of Aminadab he crossed the green.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

Strangely-formed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Some time after the departure of Aminadab he crossed the green.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading It seemed that night he had refrained from company, not through penitence, or any motive that man could divine in the nature of the man.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Some time after the departure of Aminadab he crossed the green.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Strangely-formed beings do things which do not seem to belong to their natures or to human nature, and it is this that makes them strange.

Chapter 4 of Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23 by John Mackay [Compiler] Wilson holds 432 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 432 sentences of Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23 by John Mackay [Compiler] Wilson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 432 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23

Common questions about reading Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23 by John Mackay [Compiler] Wilson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23?

Yes. All 2700 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11032 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11032, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23 take to read?

About 225 minutes of reading across 540 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23 section by section

How to work through Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Scotland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Historical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Traditionary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Imaginative
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland, Volume 23; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.