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Winged warfare
Winged warfare

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Winged warfare is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Winged warfare
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BY MAJOR BISHOP, V.C., D.S.O., M.C.
_Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.
I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.
The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.
We were in England.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winged warfare

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Winged warfare is here in full — 142 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BY MAJOR BISHOP, V.C., D.S.O., M.C.
Line 2
_Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.
Line 3
I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.
Line 4
The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.
Line 5
We were in England.
/wiː wɜːr ɪn ˈɪŋɡlənd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Britain noun US /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading “_Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.”

career noun US /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading “The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.”

charger noun US /ˈtʃɑːrdʒər/

formerly a strong swift horse ridden into battle

From this reading “I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.”

galloping verb US /ˈɡæləpɪŋ/

-ing form of “gallop” — ride at a galloping pace

From this reading “I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.”

July noun US /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading “The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.”

mud noun US /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading “_Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.”

snug adjective US /snʌɡ/

offering safety; well protected or concealed

From this reading “I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.”

Watson noun US /ˈwɑːtsən/

United States telephone engineer who assisted Alexander Graham Bell in his experiments (1854-1934)

From this reading “_Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fully expected adverb + adjective

In this reading “I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.”

whole career adjective + noun

In this reading “The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1915

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

aeroplanenoun

an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

Aylesbury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

BISHOPnounUS /ˈbɪʃəp/

a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ

From this reading BY MAJOR BISHOP, V.C., D.S.O., M.C.

BritainnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading BY MAJOR BISHOP, V.C., D.S.O., M.C.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading BY MAJOR BISHOP, V.C., D.S.O., M.C.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.

chargernounUS /ˈtʃɑːrdʒər/

formerly a strong swift horse ridden into battle

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

cock-pit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading BY MAJOR BISHOP, V.C., D.S.O., M.C.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading We were in England.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

gallopingverbUS /ˈɡæləpɪŋ/

-ing form of “gallop” — ride at a galloping pace

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

Hazell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.

Ld

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading BY MAJOR BISHOP, V.C., D.S.O., M.C.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

MAJORadjectiveUS /ˈmeɪdʒər/

of greater importance or stature or rank

From this reading BY MAJOR BISHOP, V.C., D.S.O., M.C.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading BY MAJOR BISHOP, V.C., D.S.O., M.C.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.

PrintedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading BY MAJOR BISHOP, V.C., D.S.O., M.C.

saddleverbUS /ˈsædəl/

put a saddle on

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

snugadjectiveUS /snʌɡ/

offering safety; well protected or concealed

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

VnounUS /viː/

a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt

From this reading BY MAJOR BISHOP, V.C., D.S.O., M.C.

Viney

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

WatsonnounUS /ˈwɑːtsən/

United States telephone engineer who assisted Alexander Graham Bell in his experiments (1854-1934)

From this reading _Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._ It was the mud, I think, that made me take to flying.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We were in England.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We were in England.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The mud, on a certain day in July 1915, changed my whole career in the war.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I had fully expected that going into battle would mean for me the saddle of a galloping charger, instead of the snug little cock-pit of a modern aeroplane.

Chapter 1 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop holds 142 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Winged warfare contain?

Chapter 1 holds 142 sentences of Winged warfare, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 142 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Winged warfare?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Winged warfare

Common questions about reading Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Winged warfare?

Yes. All 2647 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75637 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Winged warfare is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75637, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Winged warfare take to read?

About 220 minutes of reading across 530 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Winged warfare section by section

How to work through Winged warfare section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Winged warfare to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Winged warfare

Words and structures a reader meets early in Winged warfare, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Major
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bishop
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.