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Winged warfare
Winged warfare

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Winged warfare is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Winged warfare
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Altogether I spent four months in France as an observer.
How I longed during all that time for a fight in the air!
But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.
I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.
My sick-leave over, I reported for duty again and got a real surprise--I was told I could learn to fly!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winged warfare

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Winged warfare is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Altogether I spent four months in France as an observer.
/ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər aɪ spent fɔːr mʌnθs ɪn fræns æz æn əbˈzɜːrvər/
Line 2
How I longed during all that time for a fight in the air!
Line 3
But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.
Line 4
I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.
Line 5
My sick-leave over, I reported for duty again and got a real surprise--I was told I could learn to fly!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

combat noun US /ˈkɑːmbæt/

an engagement fought between two military forces

From this reading “But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.”

crashed verb US /kræʃt/

past form of “crash” — fall or come down violently

From this reading “I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.”

observer noun US /əbˈzɜːrvər/

a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses

From this reading “Altogether I spent four months in France as an observer.”

observing adjective US /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading “I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.”

passenger noun US /ˈpæsəndʒər/

a traveler riding in a vehicle (a boat or bus or car or plane or train etc) who is not operating it

From this reading “But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.”

repairs noun US /rɪˈperz/

plural of “repair” — the act of putting something in working order again

From this reading “I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.”

tidy adjective US /ˈtaɪdi/

marked by order and cleanliness in appearance or habits

From this reading “But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.”

yearn verb US /jɜːrn/

desire strongly or persistently

From this reading “But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

single combat adjective + noun

a fight between two people

In this reading “But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.”

four months noun + noun counted as “four month”

In this reading “Altogether I spent four months in France as an observer.”

grew worse verb + adjective counted as “grow worse”

In this reading “I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.”

several months adjective + noun counted as “several month”

In this reading “I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.”

in the air preposition + article + noun counted as “in … air”

on everybody's mind

In this reading “How I longed during all that time for a fight in the air!”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1916

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading How I longed during all that time for a fight in the air!

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading My sick-leave over, I reported for duty again and got a real surprise--I was told I could learn to fly!

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading How I longed during all that time for a fight in the air!

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading How I longed during all that time for a fight in the air!

AltogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Altogether I spent four months in France as an observer.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Altogether I spent four months in France as an observer.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Altogether I spent four months in France as an observer.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

chancesnounUS /ˈtʃænsəz/

plural of “chance” — a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

combatnounUS /ˈkɑːmbæt/

an engagement fought between two military forces

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading My sick-leave over, I reported for duty again and got a real surprise--I was told I could learn to fly!

crashedverbUS /kræʃt/

past form of “crash” — fall or come down violently

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading How I longed during all that time for a fight in the air!

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading My sick-leave over, I reported for duty again and got a real surprise--I was told I could learn to fly!

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading How I longed during all that time for a fight in the air!

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

firedadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪərd/

having lost your job

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

flyverbUS /flaɪ/

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading My sick-leave over, I reported for duty again and got a real surprise--I was told I could learn to fly!

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading How I longed during all that time for a fight in the air!

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Altogether I spent four months in France as an observer.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Altogether I spent four months in France as an observer.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading My sick-leave over, I reported for duty again and got a real surprise--I was told I could learn to fly!

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

hospitalnounUS /ˈhɑːspɪtəl/

a health facility where patients receive treatment

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How I longed during all that time for a fight in the air!

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Altogether I spent four months in France as an observer.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Altogether I spent four months in France as an observer.

injuredadjectiveUS /ˈɪndʒərd/

harmed

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

kneenounUS /niː/

hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

landingnounUS /ˈlændɪŋ/

an intermediate platform in a staircase

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading My sick-leave over, I reported for duty again and got a real surprise--I was told I could learn to fly!

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

longedverbUS /lɔːŋd/

past form of “long” — desire strongly or persistently

From this reading How I longed during all that time for a fight in the air!

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

machine-gun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Altogether I spent four months in France as an observer.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

observernounUS /əbˈzɜːrvər/

a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses

From this reading Altogether I spent four months in France as an observer.

observingadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading My sick-leave over, I reported for duty again and got a real surprise--I was told I could learn to fly!

passengernounUS /ˈpæsəndʒər/

a traveler riding in a vehicle (a boat or bus or car or plane or train etc) who is not operating it

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

pilotverbUS /ˈpaɪlət/

operate an airplane

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

quitted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

repairsnounUS /rɪˈperz/

plural of “repair” — the act of putting something in working order again

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

reportedadjectiveUS /ˌriːˈpɔːrtɪd/

made known or told about; especially presented in a formal account

From this reading My sick-leave over, I reported for duty again and got a real surprise--I was told I could learn to fly!

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

shotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

sick-leave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My sick-leave over, I reported for duty again and got a real surprise--I was told I could learn to fly!

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading Altogether I spent four months in France as an observer.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading My sick-leave over, I reported for duty again and got a real surprise--I was told I could learn to fly!

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading How I longed during all that time for a fight in the air!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading How I longed during all that time for a fight in the air!

tidyadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪdi/

marked by order and cleanliness in appearance or habits

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading How I longed during all that time for a fight in the air!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading My sick-leave over, I reported for duty again and got a real surprise--I was told I could learn to fly!

tripnounUS /trɪp/

a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading I injured my knee after an observing trip one day, when the pilot crashed the machine in landing; and while I did not have to go to hospital with it, it gradually grew worse until May 1916, when I had to lay up several months for repairs.

yearnverbUS /jɜːrn/

desire strongly or persistently

From this reading But no real chances came, and, finally, I quitted my seat as a passenger without having fired a single combat shot from the tidy little machine-gun that was always near me and seemed to yearn as much as I did to have a go at the enemy.

Chapter 2 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop holds 130 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Winged warfare contain?

Chapter 2 holds 130 sentences of Winged warfare, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 130 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Winged warfare?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Winged warfare

Common questions about reading Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Winged warfare?

Yes. All 2647 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75637 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Winged warfare is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75637, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Winged warfare take to read?

About 220 minutes of reading across 530 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Winged warfare section by section

How to work through Winged warfare section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Winged warfare to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Winged warfare

Words and structures a reader meets early in Winged warfare, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Major
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bishop
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.