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Winged warfare
Winged warfare

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Winged warfare is here in full — 141 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Winged warfare
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.
How untrue this was they were soon to know.
We Canadians knew that the first big push of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.
It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.
During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winged warfare

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Winged warfare is here in full — 141 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.
/ɪt wɑːz ə ˈdʒɜːrmən boʊst æt ðɪs taɪm ðæt ðer riˈtriːt frʌm ðə sɔːm hæd əpˈset ðə əˈfensɪv plænz ʌv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ənd frentʃ fɔːr mʌnθs tuː kʌm/
Line 2
How untrue this was they were soon to know.
Line 3
We Canadians knew that the first bigpushof the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.
Line 4
It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.
/ɪt hæd bɪn ə ˈtraɪɪŋ ɔːrˈdiːl fɔːr ˈaʊər men huː wɜːr ˈɔːlmoʊst æt ðə fʊt ʌv ðə rɪdʒ wɪð ðə ˈdʒɜːrmənz ˈevriwer əˈbʌv ðem/
Line 5
During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Boche noun US /bɑːtʃ/

offensive term for a person of German descent

From this reading “During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.”

bombs noun US /bɑːmz/

plural of “bomb” — an explosive device fused to explode under specific conditions

From this reading “During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.”

Canadians noun US /kəˈneɪdiənz/

plural of “canadian” — a native or inhabitant of Canada

From this reading “We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.”

ordeal noun US /ɔːrˈdiːl/

a severe or trying experience

From this reading “It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.”

pelting noun US /ˈpeltɪŋ/

anything happening rapidly or in quick successive

From this reading “During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.”

Somme noun US /sɔːm/

battle of World War II

From this reading “It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.”

trenches noun US /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading “During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.”

untrue adjective US /ənˈtruː/

not according with the facts

From this reading “How untrue this was they were soon to know.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

trying ordeal adjective + noun

In this reading “It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.”

at the foot preposition + article + noun counted as “at … foot”

In this reading “It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.”

in the trenches preposition + article + noun counted as “in … trench”

In this reading “During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.”

all manner adjective + noun

In this reading “During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.”

for months preposition + noun counted as “for month”

In this reading “It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.”

plans of verb + particle counted as “plan of”

In this reading “It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

boastverbUS /boʊst/

show off

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

BochenounUS /bɑːtʃ/

offensive term for a person of German descent

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

bombsnounUS /bɑːmz/

plural of “bomb” — an explosive device fused to explode under specific conditions

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

CanadianadjectiveUS /kəˈneɪdiən/

of or relating to Canada or its people

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

CanadiansnounUS /kəˈneɪdiənz/

plural of “canadian” — a native or inhabitant of Canada

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

CorpsnounUS /kɔːr/

an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

everywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

GermansnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmənz/

plural of “german” — a person of German nationality

From this reading It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.

grimlyadverbUS /ˈɡrɪmli/

in a grim implacable manner

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

holdingnounUS /ˈhoʊldɪŋ/

the act of retaining something

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How untrue this was they were soon to know.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

infantrynounUS /ˈɪnfəntri/

an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading How untrue this was they were soon to know.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

offensiveadjectiveUS /əˈfensɪv/

violating or tending to violate or offend against

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

ordealnounUS /ɔːrˈdiːl/

a severe or trying experience

From this reading It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.

peltingnounUS /ˈpeltɪŋ/

anything happening rapidly or in quick successive

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

plansnounUS /plænz/

plural of “plan” — a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

pushverbUS /pʊʃ/

move with force

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

retreatnounUS /riˈtriːt/

(military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

RidgenounUS /rɪdʒ/

a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

shellsnounUS /ʃelz/

plural of “shell” — ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

SommenounUS /sɔːm/

battle of World War II

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading How untrue this was they were soon to know.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading How untrue this was they were soon to know.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

trench-mortar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

trenchesnounUS /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.

uncomfortableadjectiveUS /ənˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

conducive to or feeling mental discomfort

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

untrueadjectiveUS /ənˈtruː/

not according with the facts

From this reading How untrue this was they were soon to know.

upsetverbUS /əpˈset/

disturb the balance or stability of

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading During all the long cold months of winter the old Boche had been looking down on us, pelting the infantry in the trenches with all manner of bombs and trench-mortar shells, and making life generally uncomfortable.

Vimy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was a German boast at this time that their retreat from the Somme had upset the offensive plans of the British and French for months to come.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading How untrue this was they were soon to know.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading We Canadians knew that the first big “push” of the spring was to come at Vimy Ridge, where the Canadian Corps had been holding the line grimly the entire winter through.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It had been a trying ordeal for our men, who were almost at the foot of the ridge with the Germans everywhere above them.

Chapter 6 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop holds 141 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Winged warfare contain?

Chapter 6 holds 141 sentences of Winged warfare, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 141 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Winged warfare?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Winged warfare

Common questions about reading Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Winged warfare?

Yes. All 2647 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75637 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Winged warfare is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75637, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Winged warfare take to read?

About 220 minutes of reading across 530 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Winged warfare section by section

How to work through Winged warfare section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Winged warfare to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Winged warfare

Words and structures a reader meets early in Winged warfare, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Major
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bishop
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.