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Winged warfare
Winged warfare

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Winged warfare is here in full — 82 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Winged warfare
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.
The sky was a wonderful blue, flecked only here and there with bits of floating white clouds.
There was a warmth of spring in the sunshine that filled one with the joy of living.
Hundreds of our machines were aloft to demonstrate anew the fact that we were masters of the air.
They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winged warfare

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Winged warfare is here in full — 82 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.
/ˈiːstər ˈsʌndeɪ wɑːz wʌn ʌv ðə moʊst ˈbjuːtəfəl deɪz aɪ hæv ˈevər siːn ənd wiː felt ðæt æt læst ðə ɡɑːdz ʌv ðə ˈweðər wɜːr ˈɡoʊɪŋ tuː smaɪl ɑːn ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ əˈfensɪv/
Line 2
The sky was a wonderful blue, flecked only here and there with bits of floating white clouds.
Line 3
There was a warmth of spring in the sunshine that filled one with the joy of living.
/ðer wɑːz ə wɔːrmθ ʌv sprɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsʌnʃaɪn ðæt fɪld wʌn wɪð ðə dʒɔɪ ʌv ˈlɪvɪŋ/
Line 4
Hundreds of our machines were aloft to demonstrate anew the fact that we were masters of the air.
/ˈhʌndrədz ʌv ˈaʊər məˈʃiːnz wɜːr əˈlɔːft tuː ˈdemənstreɪt əˈnuː ðə fækt ðæt wiː wɜːr ˈmæstərz ʌv ðə er/
Line 5
They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.
/ðeɪ ˈkærid ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈhoʊli ˈɪntuː ðə ˈenəmiz ˈterɪtɔːri sɔːt aʊt hɪz ˈerədroʊmz hɪz ˈmɪləteri ˈhedkwɔːrtərz hɪz ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən dʌmps hɪz ˌkɑːnsənˈtreɪʃən kæmps ənd ˈtʃæləndʒd hɪm ɪn ˈevəri ˈpɑːsəbəl ˈmænər tuː kʌm ʌp ənd faɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aerodromes noun US /ˈerədroʊmz/

plural of “aerodrome” — an airfield equipped with control tower and hangars as well as accommodations for passengers and cargo

From this reading “They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.”

camps noun US /kæmps/

plural of “camp” — temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading “They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.”

challenged verb US /ˈtʃæləndʒd/

past form of “challenge” — take exception to

From this reading “They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.”

concentration noun US /ˌkɑːnsənˈtreɪʃən/

the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume

From this reading “They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.”

demonstrate verb US /ˈdemənstreɪt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading “Hundreds of our machines were aloft to demonstrate anew the fact that we were masters of the air.”

dumps noun US /dʌmps/

an informal expression for a mildly depressed state

From this reading “They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.”

Easter noun US /ˈiːstər/

a Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox

From this reading “Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.”

enemy's noun US /ˈenəmiz/

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most beautiful adverb + adjective

In this reading “Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.”

come up verb + adjective

bring forth, usually something desirable

In this reading “They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.”

in the sunshine preposition + article + noun counted as “in … sunshine”

In this reading “There was a warmth of spring in the sunshine that filled one with the joy of living.”

smile on verb + particle

In this reading “Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

aerodromesnounUS /ˈerədroʊmz/

plural of “aerodrome” — an airfield equipped with control tower and hangars as well as accommodations for passengers and cargo

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Hundreds of our machines were aloft to demonstrate anew the fact that we were masters of the air.

aloftadverbUS /əˈlɔːft/

at or on or to the masthead or upper rigging of a ship

From this reading Hundreds of our machines were aloft to demonstrate anew the fact that we were masters of the air.

ammunitionnounUS /ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən/

projectiles to be fired from a gun

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

anewadverbUS /əˈnuː/

again but in a new or different way

From this reading Hundreds of our machines were aloft to demonstrate anew the fact that we were masters of the air.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

bitsnounUS /bɪts/

plural of “bit” — a small piece or quantity of something

From this reading The sky was a wonderful blue, flecked only here and there with bits of floating white clouds.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading The sky was a wonderful blue, flecked only here and there with bits of floating white clouds.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

campsnounUS /kæmps/

plural of “camp” — temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

challengedverbUS /ˈtʃæləndʒd/

past form of “challenge” — take exception to

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading The sky was a wonderful blue, flecked only here and there with bits of floating white clouds.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

concentrationnounUS /ˌkɑːnsənˈtreɪʃən/

the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

demonstrateverbUS /ˈdemənstreɪt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Hundreds of our machines were aloft to demonstrate anew the fact that we were masters of the air.

dumpsnounUS /dʌmps/

an informal expression for a mildly depressed state

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

EasternounUS /ˈiːstər/

a Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

enemy'snounUS /ˈenəmiz/

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading Hundreds of our machines were aloft to demonstrate anew the fact that we were masters of the air.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading There was a warmth of spring in the sunshine that filled one with the joy of living.

fleckedadjective

having a pattern of dots

From this reading The sky was a wonderful blue, flecked only here and there with bits of floating white clouds.

floatingadjectiveUS /ˈfloʊtɪŋ/

borne up by or suspended in a liquid

From this reading The sky was a wonderful blue, flecked only here and there with bits of floating white clouds.

godsnounUS /ɡɑːdz/

plural of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

headquartersnounUS /ˈhedkwɔːrtərz/

(usually plural) the office that serves as the administrative center of an enterprise

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The sky was a wonderful blue, flecked only here and there with bits of floating white clouds.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

HundredsnounUS /ˈhʌndrədz/

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading Hundreds of our machines were aloft to demonstrate anew the fact that we were masters of the air.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There was a warmth of spring in the sunshine that filled one with the joy of living.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading There was a warmth of spring in the sunshine that filled one with the joy of living.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading There was a warmth of spring in the sunshine that filled one with the joy of living.

machinesnounUS /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading Hundreds of our machines were aloft to demonstrate anew the fact that we were masters of the air.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading Hundreds of our machines were aloft to demonstrate anew the fact that we were masters of the air.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

offensiveadjectiveUS /əˈfensɪv/

violating or tending to violate or offend against

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The sky was a wonderful blue, flecked only here and there with bits of floating white clouds.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Hundreds of our machines were aloft to demonstrate anew the fact that we were masters of the air.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading The sky was a wonderful blue, flecked only here and there with bits of floating white clouds.

smileverbUS /smaɪl/

change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading There was a warmth of spring in the sunshine that filled one with the joy of living.

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

sunshinenounUS /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/

the rays of the sun

From this reading There was a warmth of spring in the sunshine that filled one with the joy of living.

territorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The sky was a wonderful blue, flecked only here and there with bits of floating white clouds.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

warmthnounUS /wɔːrmθ/

the sensation caused by heat energy

From this reading There was a warmth of spring in the sunshine that filled one with the joy of living.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Easter Sunday was one of the most beautiful days I have ever seen, and we felt that at last the gods of the weather were going to smile on a British offensive.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The sky was a wonderful blue, flecked only here and there with bits of floating white clouds.

whollyadverbUS /ˈhoʊli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading They carried the fighting wholly into the enemy’s territory, sought out his aerodromes, his military headquarters, his ammunition dumps, his concentration camps, and challenged him in every possible manner to come up and fight.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The sky was a wonderful blue, flecked only here and there with bits of floating white clouds.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading The sky was a wonderful blue, flecked only here and there with bits of floating white clouds.

Chapter 7 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop holds 82 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Winged warfare contain?

Chapter 7 holds 82 sentences of Winged warfare, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 82 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Winged warfare?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Winged warfare

Common questions about reading Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Winged warfare?

Yes. All 2647 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75637 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Winged warfare is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75637, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Winged warfare take to read?

About 220 minutes of reading across 530 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Winged warfare section by section

How to work through Winged warfare section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Winged warfare to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Winged warfare

Words and structures a reader meets early in Winged warfare, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Major
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bishop
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.