Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Winged warfare
Winged warfare

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Winged warfare is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Winged warfare
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.
The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.
This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.
My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.
The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winged warfare

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Winged warfare is here in full — 89 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.
/ðə ˈsekənd deɪ ˈæftər maɪ rɪˈtɜːrn aɪ bɪˈɡæn əˈnʌðər θriː mʌnθs ʌv ˈstrenjuːəs ˈbætəlz/
Line 2
The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.
/ðə ˈskwɑːdrən hæd bɪn əˈsaɪnd ə nuː kaɪnd ʌv wɜːrk tuː duː ɪn əˈdɪʃən tuː ˈreɡjələr pəˈtroʊl/
Line 3
This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.
/ðɪs ˈlæstəd θruːˈaʊt ə ɡreɪt pɑːrt ʌv ðə mʌnθ ʌv dʒuːn ənd ɡeɪv ʌs sʌm ˈveri ˈstrenjuːəs ˈmɔːrnɪŋz ˌɔːlˈðoʊ ðə ˌæftərˈnuːnz wɜːr ˈdʒenərəli ˈiːziər/
Line 4
My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.
Line 5
The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

afternoons noun US /ˌæftərˈnuːnz/

plural of “afternoon” — the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading “This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.”

assigned adjective US /əˈsaɪnd/

appointed to a post or duty

From this reading “The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.”

battles noun US /ˈbætəlz/

plural of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading “The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.”

lasted verb US /ˈlæstəd/

past form of “last” — persist for a specified period of time

From this reading “This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.”

mornings noun US /ˈmɔːrnɪŋz/

plural of “morning” — the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading “This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.”

patrol noun US /pəˈtroʊl/

a detachment used for security or reconnaissance

From this reading “The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.”

squadron noun US /ˈskwɑːdrən/

a cavalry unit consisting of two or more troops and headquarters and supporting arms

From this reading “The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.”

strenuous adjective US /ˈstrenjuːəs/

characterized by or performed with much energy or force

From this reading “The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

three months noun + noun counted as “three month”

In this reading “The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.”

lower part verb + noun

In this reading “The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.”

early morning adjective + noun

In this reading “My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.”

in addition preposition + noun

In this reading “The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.”

second day noun + noun

In this reading “The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.”

great part adjective + noun

In this reading “This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.”

occurred in verb + particle counted as “occur in”

In this reading “My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

4,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.

7

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.

additionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

a component that is added to something to improve it

From this reading The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.

afternoonsnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːnz/

plural of “afternoon” — the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.

assignedadjectiveUS /əˈsaɪnd/

appointed to a post or duty

From this reading The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.

battlesnounUS /ˈbætəlz/

plural of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.

cloudverbUS /klaʊd/

make overcast or cloudy

From this reading The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.

easieradjectiveUS /ˈiːziər/

comparative of “easy” — posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.

hangingnounUS /ˈhæŋɪŋ/

decoration that is hung (as a tapestry) on a wall or over a window

From this reading The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.

lastedverbUS /ˈlæstəd/

past form of “last” — persist for a specified period of time

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.

mistverbUS /mɪst/

become covered with mist

From this reading The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.

morningsnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋz/

plural of “morning” — the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

patrolnounUS /pəˈtroʊl/

a detachment used for security or reconnaissance

From this reading The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

squadronnounUS /ˈskwɑːdrən/

a cavalry unit consisting of two or more troops and headquarters and supporting arms

From this reading The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.

strenuousadjectiveUS /ˈstrenjuːəs/

characterized by or performed with much energy or force

From this reading The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading The clouds were very low, being about 4,000 feet, the lower part of each cloud having a thin hanging mist about it.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The second day after my return I began another three months of strenuous battles.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading This lasted throughout a great part of the month of June, and gave us some very strenuous mornings, although the afternoons were generally easier.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading My first fight occurred in the early morning, about 7 o’clock, when I was leading a patrol.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The squadron had been assigned a new kind of work to do, in addition to regular patrol.

Chapter 14 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop holds 89 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Winged warfare contain?

Chapter 14 holds 89 sentences of Winged warfare, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 89 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Winged warfare?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Winged warfare

Common questions about reading Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Winged warfare?

Yes. All 2647 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75637 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Winged warfare is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75637, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Winged warfare take to read?

About 220 minutes of reading across 530 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Winged warfare section by section

How to work through Winged warfare section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Winged warfare to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Winged warfare

Words and structures a reader meets early in Winged warfare, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Major
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bishop
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.