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Winged warfare
Winged warfare

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of Winged warfare is here in full — 154 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Winged warfare
Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.
With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.
I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.
It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.
I planned this expedition after much thought, and set it for June 2nd, as that was to be my day off.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winged warfare

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of Winged warfare is here in full — 154 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.
Line 2
With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.
/wɪð ðɪs ˈɑːbdʒekt ɪn vjuː aɪ plænd æn ˌekspəˈdɪʃən ˈɪntuː ðə ˈenəmi ˈkʌntri tuː əˈtæk æn ˈenəmi ˈerədroʊm/
Line 3
I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.
/aɪ hæd ˈkerfəli θɔːt ɪt aʊt ənd keɪm tuː ðə kənˈkluːʒən ðæt ɪf wʌn kʊd ɡet tuː æn ˈerədroʊm wen ðer wɜːr sʌm məˈʃiːnz ɑːn ðə ɡraʊnd ənd nʌn ɪn ðə er ɪt wʊd biː æn ˈiːzi ˈmætər tuː ʃuːt ðem daʊn ðə ˈmoʊmənt ðeɪ wʊd əˈtempt tuː kʌm ʌp/
Line 4
It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.
Line 5
I planned this expedition after much thought, and set it for June 2nd, as that was to be my day off.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aerodrome noun US /ˈerədroʊm/

an airfield equipped with control tower and hangars as well as accommodations for passengers and cargo

From this reading “With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.”

conclusion noun US /kənˈkluːʒən/

a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration

From this reading “I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.”

expedition noun US /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading “With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.”

June noun US /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading “I planned this expedition after much thought, and set it for June 2nd, as that was to be my day off.”

machines noun US /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading “My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.”

planned adjective US /plænd/

designed or carried out according to a plan

From this reading “With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.”

record noun US /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading “My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.”

vicinity noun US /vəˈsɪnəti/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading “My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

three months noun + noun counted as “three month”

In this reading “My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.”

easy matter adjective + noun

In this reading “I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.”

on the ground preposition + article + noun counted as “on … ground”

In this reading “I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.”

in the vicinity preposition + article + noun counted as “in … vicinity”

In this reading “My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.”

strong wind adjective + noun

In this reading “It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.”

turn out verb + adjective

be shown or be found to be

In this reading “It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.”

take off verb + particle

leave

In this reading “It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.”

get a chance verb + article + noun counted as “get … chance”

In this reading “It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

2nd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I planned this expedition after much thought, and set it for June 2nd, as that was to be my day off.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

aerodromenounUS /ˈerədroʊm/

an airfield equipped with control tower and hangars as well as accommodations for passengers and cargo

From this reading With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading I planned this expedition after much thought, and set it for June 2nd, as that was to be my day off.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I planned this expedition after much thought, and set it for June 2nd, as that was to be my day off.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

conclusionnounUS /kənˈkluːʒən/

a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading I planned this expedition after much thought, and set it for June 2nd, as that was to be my day off.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

hitverbUS /hɪt/

cause to move by striking

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading I planned this expedition after much thought, and set it for June 2nd, as that was to be my day off.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

lotnounUS /lɑːt/

(often followed by “of”) a large number or amount or extent

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

machinesnounUS /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

manœuvre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading I planned this expedition after much thought, and set it for June 2nd, as that was to be my day off.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

plannedadjectiveUS /plænd/

designed or carried out according to a plan

From this reading With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

recordnounUS /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading I planned this expedition after much thought, and set it for June 2nd, as that was to be my day off.

shootverbUS /ʃuːt/

hit with a missile from a weapon

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/

taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

vicinitynounUS /vəˈsɪnəti/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading My record of machines brought down was now in the vicinity of twenty, and I saw I had a rare chance of really getting a lot before going on my next leave--at the end of my second three months at the front.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading It would be necessary for them to take off straight into the wind, if there was a strong wind at all, so I could not be surprised that way, and would be able to hit them if I came low enough, before they would get a chance to manœuvre or turn out of my way.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With this object in view I planned an expedition into the enemy country, to attack an enemy aerodrome.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I had carefully thought it out, and came to the conclusion that if one could get to an aerodrome when there were some machines on the ground and none in the air, it would be an easy matter to shoot them down the moment they would attempt to come up.

Chapter 15 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop holds 154 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Winged warfare contain?

Chapter 15 holds 154 sentences of Winged warfare, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 154 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Winged warfare?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Winged warfare

Common questions about reading Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Winged warfare?

Yes. All 2647 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75637 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Winged warfare is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75637, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Winged warfare take to read?

About 220 minutes of reading across 530 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Winged warfare section by section

How to work through Winged warfare section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Winged warfare to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Winged warfare

Words and structures a reader meets early in Winged warfare, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Major
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bishop
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.