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Winged warfare
Winged warfare

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Winged warfare is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Winged warfare
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
All of June was marked by the most perfect weather.
The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.
Some days there was hardly a stir in the air.
From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.
The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winged warfare

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Winged warfare is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
All of June was marked by the most perfect weather.
/ɔːl ʌv dʒuːn wɑːz mɑːrkt baɪ ðə moʊst pərˈfekt ˈweðər/
Line 2
The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.
/ðə prɪˈveɪlɪŋ strɔːŋ west wɪndz stɑːpt ənd ə laɪt briːz bluː ˈkɑːnstəntli frʌm ðə iːst/
Line 3
Some days there was hardly a stir in the air.
/sʌm deɪz ðer wɑːz ˈhɑːrdli ə stɜːr ɪn ðə er/
Line 4
From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.
Line 5
The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.
/ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋz wɜːr ˈveri ˈbɪzi æz ðer wɜːr ˈmeni kɔːlz tuː tʃeɪs əˈweɪ ˈhɑːstəl ˈerkræft bʌt ðə ˌæftərˈnuːnz wiː ˈdʒenərəli hæd tuː aʊərˈselvz ənd ˌɔːlˈðoʊ ɪt wɑːz ˈnesəseri tuː steɪ raɪt ɑːn ðə ˈerədroʊm wiː faʊnd ˈmeni əˈmjuːzmənts ðer/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aerodrome noun US /ˈerədroʊm/

an airfield equipped with control tower and hangars as well as accommodations for passengers and cargo

From this reading “The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.”

afternoons noun US /ˌæftərˈnuːnz/

plural of “afternoon” — the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading “The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.”

aircraft noun US /ˈerkræft/

a vehicle that can fly

From this reading “The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.”

amusements noun US /əˈmjuːzmənts/

plural of “amusement” — a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading “The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.”

hostile adjective US /ˈhɑːstəl/

characterized by enmity or ill will

From this reading “The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.”

mornings noun US /ˈmɔːrnɪŋz/

plural of “morning” — the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading “The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.”

prevailing adjective US /prɪˈveɪlɪŋ/

most frequent or common

From this reading “The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.”

sundown noun US /ˈsʌndaʊn/

the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon

From this reading “From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

west winds noun + noun counted as “west wind”

wind that blows from west to east

In this reading “The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.”

light breeze adjective + noun

wind moving 4-7 knots; 2 on the Beaufort scale

In this reading “The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.”

most perfect adverb + adjective

In this reading “All of June was marked by the most perfect weather.”

from the east preposition + article + noun counted as “from … east”

In this reading “The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.”

Some days adjective + noun

In this reading “Some days there was hardly a stir in the air.”

in the air preposition + article + noun counted as “in … air”

on everybody's mind

In this reading “Some days there was hardly a stir in the air.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.

aerodromenounUS /ˈerədroʊm/

an airfield equipped with control tower and hangars as well as accommodations for passengers and cargo

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

afternoonsnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːnz/

plural of “afternoon” — the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Some days there was hardly a stir in the air.

aircraftnounUS /ˈerkræft/

a vehicle that can fly

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All of June was marked by the most perfect weather.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

amusementsnounUS /əˈmjuːzmənts/

plural of “amusement” — a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

blewverbUS /bluː/

inflected form of “blow” — exhale hard

From this reading The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.

breezenounUS /briːz/

a slight wind (usually refreshing)

From this reading The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading All of June was marked by the most perfect weather.

callsnounUS /kɔːlz/

plural of “call” — a telephone connection

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

chaseverbUS /tʃeɪs/

go after with the intent to catch

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

cloudverbUS /klaʊd/

make overcast or cloudy

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Some days there was hardly a stir in the air.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Some days there was hardly a stir in the air.

heat-waves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

hostileadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːstəl/

characterized by enmity or ill will

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Some days there was hardly a stir in the air.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading All of June was marked by the most perfect weather.

kingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading All of June was marked by the most perfect weather.

morningsnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋz/

plural of “morning” — the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading All of June was marked by the most perfect weather.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading All of June was marked by the most perfect weather.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading All of June was marked by the most perfect weather.

prevailingadjectiveUS /prɪˈveɪlɪŋ/

most frequent or common

From this reading The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.

rarelyadverbUS /ˈrerli/

not often

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some days there was hardly a stir in the air.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading Some days there was hardly a stir in the air.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

sundownnounUS /ˈsʌndaʊn/

the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading All of June was marked by the most perfect weather.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Some days there was hardly a stir in the air.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The mornings were very busy, as there were many calls to chase away hostile aircraft; but the afternoons we generally had to ourselves, and although it was necessary to stay right on the aerodrome, we found many amusements there.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading All of June was marked by the most perfect weather.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading All of June was marked by the most perfect weather.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The prevailing strong west winds stopped and a light breeze blew constantly from the east.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading From dawn until sundown there was rarely a cloud in the sky, and although the heat-waves from the effect of the sun on the earth made flying very rough when near the ground, the days were wonderful, and we all felt like kings.

Chapter 16 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop holds 106 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Winged warfare contain?

Chapter 16 holds 106 sentences of Winged warfare, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 106 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Winged warfare?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Winged warfare

Common questions about reading Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Winged warfare?

Yes. All 2647 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75637 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Winged warfare is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75637, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Winged warfare take to read?

About 220 minutes of reading across 530 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Winged warfare section by section

How to work through Winged warfare section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Winged warfare to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Winged warfare

Words and structures a reader meets early in Winged warfare, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Major
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bishop
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.