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Winged warfare
Winged warfare

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of Winged warfare is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Winged warfare
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.
It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.
The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.
But on the evening of July 10th we had a most interesting time.
The day had been very cloudy, and there had been no flying.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winged warfare

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of Winged warfare is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.
Line 2
It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.
/ɪt ˈɔːlsoʊ hæd tuː ɡʌnz ˌɪnˈsted ʌv wʌn wɪtʃ meɪd ə ɡreɪt ˈdɪfərəns soʊ naɪt ənd deɪ wiː drɛmt ənd θɔːt ʌv ðiːz nuː məˈʃiːnz ənd ðə taɪm wiː wʊd hæv wen ðeɪ ərˈaɪvd/
Line 3
The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.
Line 4
But on the evening of July 10th we had a most interesting time.
Line 5
The day had been very cloudy, and there had been no flying.
/ðə deɪ hæd bɪn ˈveri ˈklaʊdi ənd ðer hæd bɪn noʊ ˈflaɪɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cloudy adjective US /ˈklaʊdi/

lacking definite form or limits

From this reading “The day had been very cloudy, and there had been no flying.”

dreamt verb US /drɛmt/

Experienced dreams during sleep.

From this reading “It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.”

engagements noun US /enˈɡeɪdʒmənts/

plural of “engagement” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading “The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.”

faster adverb US /ˈfæstər/

more quickly

From this reading “We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.”

July noun US /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading “But on the evening of July 10th we had a most interesting time.”

machines noun US /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading “It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.”

ranges noun US /ˈreɪndʒəz/

plural of “range” — an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading “The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.”

type noun US /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading “We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

greatly excited adverb + adjective

In this reading “We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.”

most interesting adverb + adjective

In this reading “But on the evening of July 10th we had a most interesting time.”

few weeks adjective + noun counted as “few week”

In this reading “We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.”

next week adjective + noun

In this reading “The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.”

great difference adjective + noun

In this reading “It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.”

new type adjective + noun

In this reading “We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.”

long ranges adjective + noun counted as “long range”

In this reading “The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.”

all round adjective + noun

In this reading “We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But on the evening of July 10th we had a most interesting time.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The day had been very cloudy, and there had been no flying.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But on the evening of July 10th we had a most interesting time.

cloudyadjectiveUS /ˈklaʊdi/

lacking definite form or limits

From this reading The day had been very cloudy, and there had been no flying.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

dreamtverbUS /drɛmt/

Experienced dreams during sleep.

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

engagementsnounUS /enˈɡeɪdʒmənts/

plural of “engagement” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading But on the evening of July 10th we had a most interesting time.

excitedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsaɪtəd/

(of persons) excessively affected by emotion

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

fasteradverbUS /ˈfæstər/

more quickly

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading The day had been very cloudy, and there had been no flying.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

gunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

Huns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading But on the evening of July 10th we had a most interesting time.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading But on the evening of July 10th we had a most interesting time.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

machinesnounUS /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading But on the evening of July 10th we had a most interesting time.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The day had been very cloudy, and there had been no flying.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But on the evening of July 10th we had a most interesting time.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

quietadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪət/

characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.

rangesnounUS /ˈreɪndʒəz/

plural of “range” — an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The day had been very cloudy, and there had been no flying.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

typenounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The day had been very cloudy, and there had been no flying.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading The next week was a quiet one, only a few Huns being seen, and the engagements we had were short ones, at long ranges.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We were greatly excited now over the fact that in a few weeks we expected to have a new type of machine--a much faster and better one all round.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It also had two guns instead of one, which made a great difference; so night and day we dreamt and thought of these new machines and the time we would have when they arrived.

Chapter 19 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop holds 114 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Winged warfare contain?

Chapter 19 holds 114 sentences of Winged warfare, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 114 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Winged warfare?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Winged warfare

Common questions about reading Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Winged warfare?

Yes. All 2647 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75637 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Winged warfare is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75637, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Winged warfare take to read?

About 220 minutes of reading across 530 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Winged warfare section by section

How to work through Winged warfare section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Winged warfare to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Winged warfare

Words and structures a reader meets early in Winged warfare, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Major
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bishop
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.