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Winged warfare
Winged warfare

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Winged warfare is here in full — 113 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Winged warfare
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I could hardly hold myself down after hearing the great news.
Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.
The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.
It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.
I had a most exciting fight soon after this.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winged warfare

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Winged warfare is here in full — 113 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I could hardly hold myself down after hearing the great news.
/aɪ kʊd ˈhɑːrdli hoʊld ˌmaɪˈself daʊn ˈæftər ˈhiːrɪŋ ðə ɡreɪt nuːz/
Line 2
Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.
/ˈwɔːkɪŋ əˈkrɔːs ðə ˈerədroʊm tuː ðə ˈskwɑːdrən ˈhedkwɔːrtərz wɪtʃ wɑːz ˈsteɪʃənd ɑːn ðə ˈʌðər saɪd aɪ hæd tiː wɪð ðə men ðer ənd ðen keɪm bæk/
Line 3
The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.
/ðə nekst naɪt wiː hæd ə bɪɡ ˌseləˈbreɪʃən ɪn ðə weɪ ʌv ə ˈdɪnər ənd ˈmænədʒd tuː kəˈlekt ɡests huː keɪm kwaɪt bɪɡ ˈdɪstənsəz tuː biː ðer/
Line 4
It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.
/ɪt wɑːz ə ˈwʌndərfəl səkˈses ˈlæstɪŋ ənˈtɪl ˈæftər ˈmɪdnaɪt ənd ˈsevrəl ʌv ˈaʊər ɡests rɪˈmeɪnd ɔːl naɪt ənd rɪˈtɜːrnd ˈɜːrli ðə nekst ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/
Line 5
I had a most exciting fight soon after this.
/aɪ hæd ə moʊst ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ faɪt suːn ˈæftər ðɪs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aerodrome noun US /ˈerədroʊm/

an airfield equipped with control tower and hangars as well as accommodations for passengers and cargo

From this reading “Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.”

celebration noun US /ˌseləˈbreɪʃən/

a joyful occasion for special festivities to mark some happy event

From this reading “The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.”

collect verb US /kəˈlekt/

get or gather together

From this reading “The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.”

distances noun US /ˈdɪstənsəz/

plural of “distance” — the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading “The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.”

headquarters noun US /ˈhedkwɔːrtərz/

(usually plural) the office that serves as the administrative center of an enterprise

From this reading “Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.”

lasting adjective US /ˈlæstɪŋ/

continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place

From this reading “It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.”

squadron noun US /ˈskwɑːdrən/

a cavalry unit consisting of two or more troops and headquarters and supporting arms

From this reading “Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.”

stationed verb US /ˈsteɪʃənd/

past form of “station” — assign to a station

From this reading “Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

next morning adjective + noun

In this reading “It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.”

other side adjective + noun

In this reading “Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.”

most exciting adverb + adjective

In this reading “I had a most exciting fight soon after this.”

after midnight preposition + noun

In this reading “It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.”

came back verb + particle counted as “come back”

be restored

In this reading “Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.”

after hearing preposition + noun

In this reading “I could hardly hold myself down after hearing the great news.”

next night adjective + noun

In this reading “The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.”

all night adjective + noun

In this reading “It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

aerodromenounUS /ˈerədroʊm/

an airfield equipped with control tower and hangars as well as accommodations for passengers and cargo

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading I could hardly hold myself down after hearing the great news.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

celebrationnounUS /ˌseləˈbreɪʃən/

a joyful occasion for special festivities to mark some happy event

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

collectverbUS /kəˈlekt/

get or gather together

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading I could hardly hold myself down after hearing the great news.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

distancesnounUS /ˈdɪstənsəz/

plural of “distance” — the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading I could hardly hold myself down after hearing the great news.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.

excitingadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/

creating or arousing excitement

From this reading I had a most exciting fight soon after this.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading I had a most exciting fight soon after this.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading I could hardly hold myself down after hearing the great news.

guestsnounUS /ɡests/

plural of “guest” — a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading I could hardly hold myself down after hearing the great news.

headquartersnounUS /ˈhedkwɔːrtərz/

(usually plural) the office that serves as the administrative center of an enterprise

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

hearingnounUS /ˈhiːrɪŋ/

(law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence

From this reading I could hardly hold myself down after hearing the great news.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading I could hardly hold myself down after hearing the great news.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I could hardly hold myself down after hearing the great news.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.

lastingadjectiveUS /ˈlæstɪŋ/

continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place

From this reading It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.

managedverbUS /ˈmænədʒd/

past form of “manage” — be successful; achieve a goal

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

midnightnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading I had a most exciting fight soon after this.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading I could hardly hold myself down after hearing the great news.

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading I could hardly hold myself down after hearing the great news.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading I had a most exciting fight soon after this.

squadronnounUS /ˈskwɑːdrən/

a cavalry unit consisting of two or more troops and headquarters and supporting arms

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

stationedverbUS /ˈsteɪʃənd/

past form of “station” — assign to a station

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.

teanounUS /tiː/

a beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I could hardly hold myself down after hearing the great news.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I had a most exciting fight soon after this.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.

WalkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The next night we had a big celebration in the way of a dinner, and managed to collect guests who came quite big distances to be there.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Walking across the aerodrome to the squadron headquarters, which was stationed on the other side, I had tea with the men there and then came back.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading It was a wonderful success, lasting until after midnight, and several of our guests remained all night and returned early the next morning.

Chapter 21 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop holds 113 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Winged warfare contain?

Chapter 21 holds 113 sentences of Winged warfare, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 113 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Winged warfare?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Winged warfare

Common questions about reading Winged warfare by William Avery Bishop on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Winged warfare?

Yes. All 2647 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75637 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Winged warfare is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75637, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Winged warfare take to read?

About 220 minutes of reading across 530 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Winged warfare section by section

How to work through Winged warfare section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Winged warfare to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Winged warfare

Words and structures a reader meets early in Winged warfare, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Major
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bishop
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winged warfare; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.