Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Wings Over England
Wings Over England

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Wings Over England is here in full — 436 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wings Over England
Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.
What was more important, she was finding friends to help her work as a spy.
One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.
Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”
“What for?”
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wings Over England

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Wings Over England is here in full — 436 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.
/wen ðɪs ˈlɔɪəl frentʃ ɡɜːrl riːtʃt hɜːr hoʊm wer ˈdʒɜːrmən ˈsoʊldʒərz naʊ wɜːr ˈlɪvɪŋ ʃiː bɪˈɡæn ˈmeɪkɪŋ leɪs ənd ˈselɪŋ ɪt frʌm taʊn tuː taʊn/
Line 2
What was more important, she was finding friends to help her work as a spy.
/wʌt wɑːz mɔːr ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt ʃiː wɑːz ˈfaɪndɪŋ frendz tuː help hɜːr wɜːrk æz ə spaɪ/
Line 3
One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.
/wʌn wɑːz ə ˈsaɪəntɪst huː kʊd duː streɪndʒ θɪŋz wɪð ˈkemɪkəlz ˈmæɡnəfaɪɪŋ ˈɡlæsəz ˈkæmərəz ənd ˈprɪntɪŋ ˈpresəz/
Line 4
Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”
Line 5
“What for?”
/wʌt fɔːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cameras noun US /ˈkæmərəz/

plural of “camera” — equipment for taking photographs (usually consisting of a lightproof box with a lens at one end and light-sensitive film at the other)

From this reading “One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.”

chemicals noun US /ˈkemɪkəlz/

plural of “chemical” — material produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules

From this reading “One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.”

lens noun US /lenz/

a transparent optical device used to converge or diverge transmitted light and to form images

From this reading “Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.””

magnifying verb US /ˈmæɡnəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “magnify” — increase in size, volume or significance

From this reading “One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.”

paste noun US /peɪst/

any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency

From this reading “Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.””

presses noun US /ˈpresəz/

plural of “press” — the state of demanding notice or attention

From this reading “One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.”

scientist noun US /ˈsaɪəntɪst/

a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences

From this reading “One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.”

shorthand noun US /ˈʃɔːrthænd/

a method of writing rapidly using an abbreviated symbolic system

From this reading “Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

three thousand noun + noun

In this reading “Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.””

strange things adjective + noun

In this reading “One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading What was more important, she was finding friends to help her work as a spy.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading What was more important, she was finding friends to help her work as a spy.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

camerasnounUS /ˈkæmərəz/

plural of “camera” — equipment for taking photographs (usually consisting of a lightproof box with a lens at one end and light-sensitive film at the other)

From this reading One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

chemicalsnounUS /ˈkemɪkəlz/

plural of “chemical” — material produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules

From this reading One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.

findingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading What was more important, she was finding friends to help her work as a spy.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “What for?”

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading What was more important, she was finding friends to help her work as a spy.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

glassesnounUS /ˈɡlæsəz/

(plural) optical instrument consisting of a frame that holds a pair of lenses for correcting defective vision

From this reading One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading What was more important, she was finding friends to help her work as a spy.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading What was more important, she was finding friends to help her work as a spy.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

inknounUS /ɪŋk/

a liquid used for printing or writing or drawing

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

invisibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl/

impossible or nearly impossible to see; imperceptible by the eye

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

laceverbUS /leɪs/

spin, wind, or twist together

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

lensnounUS /lenz/

a transparent optical device used to converge or diverge transmitted light and to form images

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

Louise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

loyaladjectiveUS /ˈlɔɪəl/

steadfast in allegiance or duty

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

magnifyingverbUS /ˈmæɡnəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “magnify” — increase in size, volume or significance

From this reading One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.

makernounUS /ˈmeɪkər/

a person who makes things

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

mapverbUS /mæp/

make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading What was more important, she was finding friends to help her work as a spy.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

pastenounUS /peɪst/

any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

pressesnounUS /ˈpresəz/

plural of “press” — the state of demanding notice or attention

From this reading One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.

printingnounUS /ˈprɪntɪŋ/

text handwritten in the style of printed matter

From this reading One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

scientistnounUS /ˈsaɪəntɪst/

a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences

From this reading One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.

sellingnounUS /ˈselɪŋ/

the exchange of goods for an agreed sum of money

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

shorthandnounUS /ˈʃɔːrthænd/

a method of writing rapidly using an abbreviated symbolic system

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

spectaclenounUS /ˈspektəkəl/

something or someone seen (especially a notable or unusual sight)

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

spyverbUS /spaɪ/

catch sight of

From this reading What was more important, she was finding friends to help her work as a spy.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

transparentadjectiveUS /trænˈsperənt/

transmitting light; able to be seen through with clarity

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What was more important, she was finding friends to help her work as a spy.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What was more important, she was finding friends to help her work as a spy.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading “When this loyal French girl reached her home where German soldiers now were living, she began making lace and selling it from town to town.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading One was a scientist who could do strange things with chemicals, magnifying glasses, cameras and printing presses.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading What was more important, she was finding friends to help her work as a spy.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading Another was a map maker who in shorthand could write three thousand words with invisible ink on a piece of transparent paper so small Louise could paste it to a spectacle lens and carry it across the line that way.”

Chapter 3 of Wings Over England by Roy J. (Roy Judson) Snell holds 436 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Wings Over England contain?

Chapter 3 holds 436 sentences of Wings Over England, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Wings Over England by Roy J. (Roy Judson) Snell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 436 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Wings Over England?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wings Over England

Common questions about reading Wings Over England by Roy J. (Roy Judson) Snell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wings Over England?

Yes. All 3452 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #49131 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wings Over England is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #49131, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wings Over England take to read?

About 287 minutes of reading across 691 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wings Over England section by section

How to work through Wings Over England section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Wings Over England to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wings Over England

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wings Over England, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Eight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wings Over England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Illustrations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wings Over England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sheffer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wings Over England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Those
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wings Over England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.