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Winifred
Winifred

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Winifred is here in full — 266 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/53 · 5 lines
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SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.
L. E. G.
_[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.
Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.
He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winifred

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Winifred is here in full — 266 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/53 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.
/ˈsevənˈtiːnθ ˈsentʃəri/
Line 2
L. E. G.
/el iː dʒiː/
Line 3
_[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.
Line 4
Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.
Line 5
He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.
/hiː hæd hoʊpt ðæt æz suːn æz hiː ˈlændəd ðə ˈdʒentri ʌv ðə ˈwestərn ˈkaʊntiz wʊd flɑːk tuː hɪz ˈstændərd bʌt ɪn ðɪs hiː wɑːz mɪˈsteɪkən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adventurers noun US /ædˈventʃərərz/

plural of “adventurer” — a person who enjoys taking risks

From this reading “Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.”

counties noun US /ˈkaʊntiz/

plural of “county” — (United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading “He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.”

exiles noun US /ˈeɡzaɪlz/

plural of “exile” — a person who is voluntarily absent from home or country

From this reading “Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.”

gentry noun US /ˈdʒentri/

the most powerful members of a society

From this reading “He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.”

Guernsey noun US /ˈɡɜːrnzi/

a Channel Island to the northwest of Jersey

From this reading “_[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.”

illegitimate adjective US /ˌɪlɪˈdʒɪtəmɪt/

contrary to or forbidden by law

From this reading “_[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.”

seventeenth adjective US /ˈsevənˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the sixteenth in position

From this reading “SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.”

unsupported adjective US /ənsəˈpɔːrtɪd/

not sustained or maintained by nonmaterial aid

From this reading “Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY adjective + noun

In this reading “SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.”

laid claim adjective + noun

In this reading “_[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.”

after the battle preposition + article + noun counted as “after … battle”

In this reading “_[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1685

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

6th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

adventurersnounUS /ædˈventʃərərz/

plural of “adventurer” — a person who enjoys taking risks

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

CENTURYnounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.

claimnounUS /kleɪm/

an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

countiesnounUS /ˈkaʊntiz/

plural of “county” — (United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading L. E. G.

Ellen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

exilesnounUS /ˈeɡzaɪlz/

plural of “exile” — a person who is voluntarily absent from home or country

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

flocknounUS /flɑːk/

a church congregation guided by a pastor

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

GnounUS /dʒiː/

a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram

From this reading L. E. G.

gentrynounUS /ˈdʒentri/

the most powerful members of a society

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

GuernseynounUS /ˈɡɜːrnzi/

a Channel Island to the northwest of Jersey

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

hopedverbUS /hoʊpt/

past form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

illegitimateadjectiveUS /ˌɪlɪˈdʒɪtəmɪt/

contrary to or forbidden by law

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

ITpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

LnounUS /el/

a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)

From this reading L. E. G.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

landedadjectiveUS /ˈlændəd/

owning or consisting of land or real estate

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

LucynounUS /ˈluːsi/

incomplete skeleton of female found in eastern Ethiopia in 1974

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

mistakenadjectiveUS /mɪˈsteɪkən/

wrong in e.g. opinion or judgment

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

Monmouth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

mouthsnounUS /maʊðz/

plural of “mouth” — the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

nephewnounUS /ˈnefjuː/

a son of your brother or sister

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

recklessadjectiveUS /ˈrekləs/

marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

SecondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

Sedgemoor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

SEVENTEENTHadjectiveUS /ˈsevənˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the sixteenth in position

From this reading SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

standardadjectiveUS /ˈstændərd/

conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

unsupportedadjectiveUS /ənsəˈpɔːrtɪd/

not sustained or maintained by nonmaterial aid

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

utterlyadverbUS /ˈʌtərli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading _[Lucy Ellen Guernsey]_ IT was nearly two mouths after the battle of Sedgemoor, which was fought on the 6th of July, 1685, between the forces of James the Second, King of England, and those of the Duke of Monmouth, his illegitimate nephew, who laid claim to the crown.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Monmouth was without the shadow of right upon his side, and was utterly unsupported, save by a few political exiles and adventurers as reckless as himself.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He had hoped that as soon as he landed, the gentry of the western counties would flock to his standard, but in this he was mistaken.

Chapter 1 of Winifred by Lucy Ellen Guernsey holds 266 sentences, grouped into 54 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Winifred contain?

Chapter 1 holds 266 sentences of Winifred, unabridged, divided into 54 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Winifred by Lucy Ellen Guernsey exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 266 sentences, grouped into 54 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Winifred?

Work through the 54 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 54 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Winifred

Common questions about reading Winifred by Lucy Ellen Guernsey on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Winifred?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Winifred is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Winifred take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Winifred section by section

How to work through Winifred section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Winifred to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Winifred

Words and structures a reader meets early in Winifred, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Winifred, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Winifred, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Winifred, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.