Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Winning a Cause: World War Stories
Winning a Cause: World War Stories

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Winning a Cause: World War Stories is here in full — 386 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Winning a Cause: World War Stories
Context Illustration Reading 1/77 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.
When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.
It was cowardice.
And almost unanimously upon the second.
It was selfishness.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winning a Cause: World War Stories

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Winning a Cause: World War Stories is here in full — 386 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/77 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.
Line 2
When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.
/wen ðə ˈpeɪpərz wɜːr pæst bæk ənd ɪɡˈzæmənd ɪt wɑːz faʊnd ðæt ðeɪ əˈɡriːd juːˈnænəməsli əˈpɑːn ðə fɜːrst sɪn/
Line 3
It was cowardice.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈkaʊərdəs/
Line 4
And almost unanimously upon the second.
/ənd ˈɔːlmoʊst juːˈnænəməsli əˈpɑːn ðə ˈsekənd/
Line 5
It was selfishness.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈselfɪʃnəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cowardice noun US /ˈkaʊərdəs/

the trait of lacking courage

From this reading “It was cowardice.”

distributed adjective US /dɪˈstrɪbjətəd/

spread out or scattered about or divided up

From this reading “Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.”

examined verb US /ɪɡˈzæmənd/

past form of “examine” — consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading “When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.”

selfishness noun US /ˈselfɪʃnəs/

stinginess resulting from a concern for your own welfare and a disregard of others

From this reading “It was selfishness.”

sins noun US /sɪnz/

plural of “sin” — estrangement from god

From this reading “Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.”

slips noun US /slɪps/

plural of “slip” — a socially awkward or tactless act

From this reading “Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.”

unanimously adverb US /juːˈnænəməsli/

of one mind; without dissent

From this reading “When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.”

Yanks noun US /jæŋks/

plural of “yank” — an American who lives in the North (especially during the American Civil War)

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

agreedadjectiveUS /əˈɡriːd/

united by being of the same opinion

From this reading When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading And almost unanimously upon the second.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

cowardicenounUS /ˈkaʊərdəs/

the trait of lacking courage

From this reading It was cowardice.

distributedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɪbjətəd/

spread out or scattered about or divided up

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

examinedverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmənd/

past form of “examine” — consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.

Fosdick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.

Raymond

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading And almost unanimously upon the second.

secretarynounUS /ˈsekrəteri/

a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

selfishnessnounUS /ˈselfɪʃnəs/

stinginess resulting from a concern for your own welfare and a disregard of others

From this reading It was selfishness.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

sinnounUS /sɪn/

estrangement from god

From this reading When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.

sinsnounUS /sɪnz/

plural of “sin” — estrangement from god

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

slipsnounUS /slɪps/

plural of “slip” — a socially awkward or tactless act

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

soldiernounUS /ˈsoʊldʒər/

an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

unanimouslyadverbUS /juːˈnænəməsli/

of one mind; without dissent

From this reading When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading When the papers were passed back and examined, it was found that they agreed unanimously upon the first sin.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

YnounUS /waɪ/

a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

YanksnounUS /jæŋks/

plural of “yank” — an American who lives in the North (especially during the American Civil War)

From this reading Raymond Fosdick says the character of the American soldier was shown when a Y.M.C.A. secretary asked a large body of _Yanks_ to write on little slips of paper distributed to them what they thought were the three greatest sins in a soldier.

Chapter 2 of Winning a Cause: World War Stories by John G. (John Gilbert) Thompson holds 386 sentences, grouped into 78 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Winning a Cause: World War Stories contain?

Chapter 2 holds 386 sentences of Winning a Cause: World War Stories, unabridged, divided into 78 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Winning a Cause: World War Stories by John G. (John Gilbert) Thompson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 386 sentences, grouped into 78 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Winning a Cause: World War Stories?

Work through the 78 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 78 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Winning a Cause: World War Stories

Common questions about reading Winning a Cause: World War Stories by John G. (John Gilbert) Thompson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Winning a Cause: World War Stories?

Yes. All 4000 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19906 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Winning a Cause: World War Stories is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19906, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Winning a Cause: World War Stories take to read?

About 333 minutes of reading across 800 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Winning a Cause: World War Stories section by section

How to work through Winning a Cause: World War Stories section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Winning a Cause: World War Stories to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Winning a Cause: World War Stories

Words and structures a reader meets early in Winning a Cause: World War Stories, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Faith
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winning a Cause: World War Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Flanders'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winning a Cause: World War Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sleep
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winning a Cause: World War Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Beneath
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winning a Cause: World War Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.