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Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.
Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. is here in full — 91 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.
Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.
According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.
Everywhere the Huns had been held.
In certain sectors their line was cracking badly.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. is here in full — 91 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.
Line 2
Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.
Line 3
According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.
Line 4
Everywhere the Huns had been held.
Line 5
In certain sectors their line was cracking badly.
/ɪn ˈsɜːrtən ˈsektərz ðer laɪn wɑːz ˈkrækɪŋ ˈbædli/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

airmen noun US /ˈermen/

plural of “airman” — someone who operates an aircraft

From this reading “According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.”

avowed adjective US /əˈvaʊd/

openly declared as such

From this reading “According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.”

cracking noun US /ˈkrækɪŋ/

a sudden sharp noise

From this reading “In certain sectors their line was cracking badly.”

junction noun US /ˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

the place where two or more things come together

From this reading “According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.”

patrol noun US /pəˈtroʊl/

a detachment used for security or reconnaissance

From this reading “Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.”

reconnaissance noun US /riˈkɑːnəsəns/

the act of reconnoitring (especially to gain information about an enemy or potential enemy)

From this reading “According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.”

sectors noun US /ˈsektərz/

plural of “sector” — a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle

From this reading “In certain sectors their line was cracking badly.”

tanks noun US /tæŋks/

plural of “tank” — an enclosed armored military vehicle; has a cannon and moves on caterpillar treads

From this reading “According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

five minutes noun + noun

In this reading “Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.”

started off verb + particle counted as “start off”

In this reading “Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.”

same type adjective + noun

In this reading “Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

19

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

AccordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

airmennounUS /ˈermen/

plural of “airman” — someone who operates an aircraft

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

avowedadjectiveUS /əˈvaʊd/

openly declared as such

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

badlyadverbUS /ˈbædli/

to a severe or serious degree

From this reading In certain sectors their line was cracking badly.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Everywhere the Huns had been held.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading In certain sectors their line was cracking badly.

counter-advance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

crackingnounUS /ˈkrækɪŋ/

a sudden sharp noise

From this reading In certain sectors their line was cracking badly.

CrashverbUS /kræʃ/

fall or come down violently

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

Daventry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

Derek

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

detraining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.

EG

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

EverywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading Everywhere the Huns had been held.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Everywhere the Huns had been held.

holdingnounUS /ˈhoʊldɪŋ/

the act of retaining something

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

Huns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

instructionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌkʃənz/

a manual usually accompanying a technical device and explaining how to install or operate it

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

Jumeaux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

junctionnounUS /ˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

the place where two or more things come together

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

Kaye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.

Kaye's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

LesnounUS /les/

plural of “le” — a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading In certain sectors their line was cracking badly.

mnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

minutesnounUS /ˈmɪnəts/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

patrolnounUS /pəˈtroʊl/

a detachment used for security or reconnaissance

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

railwaynounUS /ˈreɪlweɪ/

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

reconnaissancenounUS /riˈkɑːnəsəns/

the act of reconnoitring (especially to gain information about an enemy or potential enemy)

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

risenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪzən/

(of e.g. celestial bodies) above the horizon

From this reading Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.

sectorsnounUS /ˈsektərz/

plural of “sector” — a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle

From this reading In certain sectors their line was cracking badly.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Kaye's Crash At 10 a.m. Derek Daventry started off in EG 19 on patrol.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

tanksnounUS /tæŋks/

plural of “tank” — an enclosed armored military vehicle; has a cannon and moves on caterpillar treads

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In certain sectors their line was cracking badly.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

typenounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading Kaye, flying a machine of the same type, had risen five minutes earlier.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In certain sectors their line was cracking badly.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading According to instructions the two airmen were to make a reconnaissance above the important railway junction of Les Jumeaux, where the Huns were supposed to be detraining a number of tanks for the avowed purpose of holding up the British and French counter-advance.

Chapter 10 of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman holds 91 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. contain?

Chapter 10 holds 91 sentences of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F., unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 91 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.

Common questions about reading Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.?

Yes. All 3687 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57056 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57056, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. take to read?

About 307 minutes of reading across 738 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Percy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Westerman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lieut
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alive
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.