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Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.
Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.

Chapter XXVII

Chapter 27 of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. is here in full — 182 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.
Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.
Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.
The air, too, was mild.
From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.
The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.

Chapter XXVII

Chapter 27 of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. is here in full — 182 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.
Line 2
Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.
/ˈhɑːrdli ə ˈrɪpəl dɪˈstɜːrbd ðə ˈsɜːrfəs ʌv ðə siː waɪl ðə hɪlz sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə ˈhɑːrbər wɜːr ˈpɜːrfəktli ˈhɪdən baɪ laɪt ˈfliːsi mɪsts/
Line 3
The air, too, was mild.
/ðə er tuː wɑːz maɪld/
Line 4
From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.
Line 5
The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Aground adjective US /əˈɡraʊnd/

stuck in a place where a ship can no longer float

From this reading “Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.”

dawned verb US /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading “Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.”

depleted adjective US /dɪˈpliːtɪd/

no longer sufficient

From this reading “The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.”

festive adjective US /ˈfestɪv/

offering fun and gaiety

From this reading “From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.”

fleecy adjective US /ˈfliːsi/

(of fabrics) having soft nap produced by brushing

From this reading “Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.”

mists noun US /mɪsts/

plural of “mist” — a thin fog with condensation near the ground

From this reading “Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.”

preceding adjective US /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading “Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.”

ripple noun US /ˈrɪpəl/

a small wave on the surface of a liquid

From this reading “Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Active Service adjective + noun

In this reading “The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.”

high spirits adjective + noun

a feeling of joy and pride

In this reading “The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.”

preceding day adjective + noun

In this reading “Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.”

Day dawned noun + noun counted as “day dawn”

In this reading “Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

ActiveadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

AgroundadjectiveUS /əˈɡraʊnd/

stuck in a place where a ship can no longer float

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The air, too, was mild.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.

aspectnounUS /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

ChristmasnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.

dawnedverbUS /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

DaynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

depletedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpliːtɪd/

no longer sufficient

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

displaynounUS /dɪˈspleɪ/

something intended to communicate a particular impression

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

disturbedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɜːrbd/

having the place or position changed

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

FastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

festiveadjectiveUS /ˈfestɪv/

offering fun and gaiety

From this reading From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.

fleecyadjectiveUS /ˈfliːsi/

(of fabrics) having soft nap produced by brushing

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.

gaietynoun

a gay feeling

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

harbourverbUS /ˈhɑːrbər/

secretly shelter (as of fugitives or criminals)

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

HardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

HardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

hiddenadjectiveUS /ˈhɪdən/

not accessible to view

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

imagineverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒən/

form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

messnounUS /mes/

a state of confusion and disorderliness

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

mildadjectiveUS /maɪld/

moderate in type or degree or effect or force; far from extreme

From this reading The air, too, was mild.

mistsnounUS /mɪsts/

plural of “mist” — a thin fog with condensation near the ground

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

old-timeadjective

attractively old-fashioned (but not necessarily authentic)

From this reading From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

pleasingadjectiveUS /ˈpliːzɪŋ/

giving pleasure and satisfaction

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

possiblyadverbUS /ˈpɑːsəbli/

by chance

From this reading From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.

precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

ripplenounUS /ˈrɪpəl/

a small wave on the surface of a liquid

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

ServicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

spendverbUS /spend/

use up a period of time in a specific way

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Hard and Fast Aground Christmas Day dawned bright and clear--a pleasing contrast to the preceding day.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The air, too, was mild.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

unlikeadjectiveUS /ənˈlaɪk/

marked by dissimilarity

From this reading From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The air, too, was mild.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading From a weather aspect it was as unlike the old-time festive day as one could possibly imagine.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Hardly a ripple disturbed the surface of the sea, while the hills surrounding the harbour were perfectly hidden by light, fleecy mists.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The depleted mess sat down to breakfast in high spirits, but behind the display of gaiety was the thought that to many it would be the last Christmas Day that they would spend under Active Service conditions.

Chapter 27 of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman holds 182 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 27 of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. contain?

Chapter 27 holds 182 sentences of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F., unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 27 of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 182 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 27 of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 27 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 27 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.

Common questions about reading Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.?

Yes. All 3687 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #57056 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #57056, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. take to read?

About 307 minutes of reading across 738 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. section by section

How to work through Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Percy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Westerman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lieut
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alive
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winning His Wings: A Story of the R.A.F.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.