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Winona
Winona

Chapter II

Cover illustration for Winona
Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.
The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.
The clouds sweeping over the sky had brought darkness early.
The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.
For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winona

Chapter II

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.
Line 2
The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.
Line 3
The clouds sweeping over the sky had brought darkness early.
Line 4
The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.
Line 5
For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

About preposition US /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.”

Behind preposition US /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading “The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.”

Brought noun US /ˈbrought/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The clouds sweeping over the sky had brought darkness early.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.”

During preposition US /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading “The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.”

Left noun US /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.”

Looked noun US /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “The clouds sweeping over the sky had brought darkness early.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.”

Through noun US /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.”

Toward preposition US /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading “For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.”

Until preposition US /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading “The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.”

While conjunction US /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

Almighty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

artillery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

back

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

blackness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

broughtnounUS /ˈbrought/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The clouds sweeping over the sky had brought darkness early.

Buffalo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

clouds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The clouds sweeping over the sky had brought darkness early.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

darkness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The clouds sweeping over the sky had brought darkness early.

day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

distance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

early

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The clouds sweeping over the sky had brought darkness early.

electric

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

evening

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

evident

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

foretold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

heat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

heavens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

horse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

hours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

intense

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

July

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

later

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

leftnounUS /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

lightning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

lookednounUS /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

magnificent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

many

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

masses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

Maxwell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

month

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

opening

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

outskirts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The clouds sweeping over the sky had brought darkness early.

quivering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

railroad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

reach

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

rolled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

route

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

sake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

shelter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

showed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

sky

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The clouds sweeping over the sky had brought darkness early.

stage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

storm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

storm-wreck

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

story

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

sultry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

sweeping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The clouds sweeping over the sky had brought darkness early.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

threateningly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

throughnounUS /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

travelling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

turned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the sake of his horse, Maxwell would have turned back, but it was many hours since he had left the railroad, travelling by the stage route toward the city.

uniform

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The heavens looked of one uniform blackness, until the lightning, quivering behind them, showed through the magnificent masses of storm-wreck, while the artillery of the Almighty rolled threateningly in the distance.

woods

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The intense electric heat during the day had foretold a storm, and now it was evident that it would be upon him before he could reach shelter.

young

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One sultry evening in July, about a month later than the opening of our story, a young man was travelling through the woods on the outskirts of the city of Buffalo.