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Winona
Winona

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Winona is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Winona
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.
Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.
And what an experience it was to this young, tenderly nurtured aristocrat!
It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.
He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Winona

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Winona is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.
/ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl ʃɑːk tuː ˈmækswelz ˈsɪstəm hæd wɜːrkt noʊ ˈlæstɪŋ hɑːrm tuː hɪz ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən/
Line 2
Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.
/ˈfriːdəm ˈklenlinɪs ənd ˈnɜːrɪʃɪŋ fuːd wɜːr ˈmædʒɪkəl ɪn ðer ɪˈfekts ənd ə wiːk ˈæftər hɪz ˈreskjuː faʊnd hɪm ʌp ənd əˈbaʊt ˈɡrædʒuːəli ˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈduːtiz ʌv ðə kæmp/
Line 3
And what an experience it was to this young, tenderly nurtured aristocrat!
/ənd wʌt æn ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪt wɑːz tuː ðɪs jʌŋ ˈtendərli ˈnɜːrtʃərd ərˈɪstəkræt/
Line 4
It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.
/ɪt wɑːz hɪz ˈfʌŋkʃən tuː wɑːtʃ ðə ˈʃɪftɪŋ ˌpænərˈæmə ʌv dɪˈfaɪəns tuː ˈdespətɪzəm æz ˈaʊtlaɪnd ɪn ðə ˈdeɪli lɪvz ʌv ðə ˌpeɪtriˈɑːtɪk ˌæbəˈlɪʃənəsts wɪð huːm hɪz lɑːt wɑːz naʊ kæst/
Line 5
He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abolitionists noun US /ˌæbəˈlɪʃənəsts/

plural of “abolitionist” — a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

From this reading “It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.”

aristocrat noun US /ərˈɪstəkræt/

a member of the aristocracy

From this reading “And what an experience it was to this young, tenderly nurtured aristocrat!”

cleanliness noun US /ˈklenlinɪs/

the habit of keeping free of superficial imperfections

From this reading “Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.”

despotism noun US /ˈdespətɪzəm/

dominance through threat of punishment and violence

From this reading “It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.”

Maxwell's noun US /ˈmækswelz/

possessive form of “maxwell” — a cgs unit of magnetic flux equal to the flux perpendicular to an area of 1 square centimeter in a magnetic field of 1 gauss

nourishing adjective US /ˈnɜːrɪʃɪŋ/

of or providing nourishment

From this reading “Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.”

nurtured verb US /ˈnɜːrtʃərd/

past form of “nurture” — help develop, help grow

From this reading “And what an experience it was to this young, tenderly nurtured aristocrat!”

panorama noun US /ˌpænərˈæmə/

the visual percept of a region

From this reading “It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

daily lives noun + noun counted as “daily life”

In this reading “It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.”

associated with verb + particle counted as “associate with”

In this reading “He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.”

lived in verb + particle counted as “live in”

live in the house where one works

In this reading “He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

abolitionistsnounUS /ˌæbəˈlɪʃənəsts/

plural of “abolitionist” — a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading And what an experience it was to this young, tenderly nurtured aristocrat!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

aristocratnounUS /ərˈɪstəkræt/

a member of the aristocracy

From this reading And what an experience it was to this young, tenderly nurtured aristocrat!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

associatedverbUS /əˈsoʊsieɪtɪd/

past form of “associate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

atmospherenounUS /ˈætməsfɪr/

a particular environment or surrounding influence

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

BrownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

cleanlinessnounUS /ˈklenlinɪs/

the habit of keeping free of superficial imperfections

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

constitutionnounUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən/

law determining the fundamental political principles of a government

From this reading The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

defiancenounUS /dɪˈfaɪəns/

intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

despotismnounUS /ˈdespətɪzəm/

dominance through threat of punishment and violence

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

dutiesnounUS /ˈduːtiz/

plural of “duty” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

effectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading And what an experience it was to this young, tenderly nurtured aristocrat!

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

forfeitverbUS /ˈfɔːrfɪt/

lose (s.th.) or lose the right to (s.th.) by some error, offense, or crime

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

FreedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

functionnounUS /ˈfʌŋkʃən/

(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.

harmnounUS /hɑːrm/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.

identifiedadjectiveUS /aɪˈdentəfaɪd/

having the identity known or established

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading And what an experience it was to this young, tenderly nurtured aristocrat!

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

joiningnounUS /ˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ/

the act of bringing two things into contact (especially for communication)

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

lastingadjectiveUS /ˈlæstɪŋ/

continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place

From this reading The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

lotnounUS /lɑːt/

(often followed by “of”) a large number or amount or extent

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

magicaladjectiveUS /ˈmædʒɪkəl/

possessing or using or characteristic of or appropriate to supernatural powers

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

Maxwell'snounUS /ˈmækswelz/

possessive form of “maxwell” — a cgs unit of magnetic flux equal to the flux perpendicular to an area of 1 square centimeter in a magnetic field of 1 gauss

From this reading The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.

nourishingadjectiveUS /ˈnɜːrɪʃɪŋ/

of or providing nourishment

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

nurturedverbUS /ˈnɜːrtʃərd/

past form of “nurture” — help develop, help grow

From this reading And what an experience it was to this young, tenderly nurtured aristocrat!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

one's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

outlinedadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtlaɪnd/

showing clearly the outline or profile or boundary

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

panoramanounUS /ˌpænərˈæmə/

the visual percept of a region

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

patrioticadjectiveUS /ˌpeɪtriˈɑːtɪk/

inspired by love for your country

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.

pricenounUS /praɪs/

the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold)

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

rescueverbUS /ˈreskjuː/

free from harm or evil

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

shiftingadjectiveUS /ˈʃɪftɪŋ/

continuously varying

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

shocknounUS /ʃɑːk/

the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally

From this reading The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.

suspicionnounUS /səˈspɪʃən/

an impression that something might be the case

From this reading He lived in an atmosphere of suspicion, for to be identified with John Brown was a forfeit of one’s life; a price was on the head of every individual associated with him.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.

tenderlyadverbUS /ˈtendərli/

with tenderness; in a tender manner

From this reading And what an experience it was to this young, tenderly nurtured aristocrat!

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading And what an experience it was to this young, tenderly nurtured aristocrat!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And what an experience it was to this young, tenderly nurtured aristocrat!

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Freedom, cleanliness and nourishing food were magical in their effects, and a week after his rescue found him up and about gradually joining in the duties of the camp.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading And what an experience it was to this young, tenderly nurtured aristocrat!

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was his function to watch the shifting panorama of defiance to despotism as outlined in the daily lives of the patriotic abolitionists with whom his lot was now cast.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The physical shock to Maxwell’s system had worked no lasting harm to his constitution.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading And what an experience it was to this young, tenderly nurtured aristocrat!

Chapter 14 of Winona by Pauline E. (Pauline Elizabeth) Hopkins holds 168 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Winona contain?

Chapter 14 holds 168 sentences of Winona, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Winona by Pauline E. (Pauline Elizabeth) Hopkins exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 168 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Winona?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Winona

Common questions about reading Winona by Pauline E. (Pauline Elizabeth) Hopkins on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Winona?

Yes. All 2770 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70087 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Winona is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70087, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Winona take to read?

About 230 minutes of reading across 554 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Winona section by section

How to work through Winona section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Winona to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Winona

Words and structures a reader meets early in Winona, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Crossing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winona; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Niagara
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winona; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
River
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winona; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Direct
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Winona; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.