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Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence
Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence is here in full — 432 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The simplicity of the universe is very different from the simplicity of a machine.
He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.
The simplicity of nature is not that which may easily be read, but is inexhaustible.
The last analysis can no wise be made.
We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence is here in full — 432 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The simplicity of the universe is very different from the simplicity of a machine.
/ðə sɪmˈplɪsəti ʌv ðə ˈjuːnəvɜːrs ɪz ˈveri ˈdɪfərənt frʌm ðə sɪmˈplɪsəti ʌv ə məˈʃiːn/
Line 2
He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.
Line 3
The simplicity of nature is not that which may easily be read, but is inexhaustible.
/ðə sɪmˈplɪsəti ʌv ˈneɪtʃər ɪz nɑːt ðæt wɪtʃ meɪ ˈiːzəli biː red bʌt ɪz ˌɪnɪɡˈzɔːstəbəl/
Line 4
The last analysis can no wise be made.
/ðə læst əˈnæləsəs kæn noʊ waɪz biː meɪd/
Line 5
We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acquired adjective US /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading “He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.”

analysis noun US /əˈnæləsəs/

an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

From this reading “The last analysis can no wise be made.”

immortal adj US /ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl/

Living forever; never dying or decaying. (Bất tử, trường tồn vĩnh cửu.)

From this reading “We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.”

inexhaustible adjective US /ˌɪnɪɡˈzɔːstəbəl/

that cannot be entirely consumed or used up

From this reading “The simplicity of nature is not that which may easily be read, but is inexhaustible.”

pedant noun US /ˈpedənt/

a person who pays more attention to formal rules and book learning than they merit

From this reading “He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.”

perception noun US /pərˈsepʃən/

the representation of what is perceived; basic component in the formation of a concept

From this reading “We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.”

simplicity noun US /sɪmˈplɪsəti/

the quality of being simple or uncompounded

From this reading “The simplicity of the universe is very different from the simplicity of a machine.”

universe noun US /ˈjuːnəvɜːrs/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading “The simplicity of the universe is very different from the simplicity of a machine.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The simplicity of the universe is very different from the simplicity of a machine.

acquiredadjectiveUS /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.

analysisnounUS /əˈnæləsəs/

an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

From this reading The last analysis can no wise be made.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The simplicity of nature is not that which may easily be read, but is inexhaustible.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The simplicity of nature is not that which may easily be read, but is inexhaustible.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The last analysis can no wise be made.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading The simplicity of the universe is very different from the simplicity of a machine.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading The simplicity of nature is not that which may easily be read, but is inexhaustible.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The simplicity of the universe is very different from the simplicity of a machine.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

immortaladjUS /ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl/

Living forever; never dying or decaying. (Bất tử, trường tồn vĩnh cửu.)

From this reading We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.

inexhaustibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnɪɡˈzɔːstəbəl/

that cannot be entirely consumed or used up

From this reading The simplicity of nature is not that which may easily be read, but is inexhaustible.

inexhaustibleness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The simplicity of the universe is very different from the simplicity of a machine.

judgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.

knowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The last analysis can no wise be made.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading The simplicity of the universe is very different from the simplicity of a machine.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The last analysis can no wise be made.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The simplicity of nature is not that which may easily be read, but is inexhaustible.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The last analysis can no wise be made.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The simplicity of nature is not that which may easily be read, but is inexhaustible.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The simplicity of the universe is very different from the simplicity of a machine.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

pedantnounUS /ˈpedənt/

a person who pays more attention to formal rules and book learning than they merit

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

perceptionnounUS /pərˈsepʃən/

the representation of what is perceived; basic component in the formation of a concept

From this reading We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading The simplicity of nature is not that which may easily be read, but is inexhaustible.

seesnounUS /siːz/

plural of “see” — the seat within a bishop's diocese where his cathedral is located

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

simplicitynounUS /sɪmˈplɪsəti/

the quality of being simple or uncompounded

From this reading The simplicity of the universe is very different from the simplicity of a machine.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The simplicity of nature is not that which may easily be read, but is inexhaustible.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The simplicity of the universe is very different from the simplicity of a machine.

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

universenounUS /ˈjuːnəvɜːrs/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The simplicity of the universe is very different from the simplicity of a machine.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The simplicity of the universe is very different from the simplicity of a machine.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The simplicity of nature is not that which may easily be read, but is inexhaustible.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He who sees moral nature out and out and thoroughly knows how knowledge is acquired and character formed, is a pedant.

wisdomnounUS /ˈwɪzdəm/

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading The last analysis can no wise be made.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading We judge of a man’s wisdom by his hope, knowing that the perception of the inexhaustibleness of nature is an immortal youth.

Chapter 4 of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 432 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence contain?

Chapter 4 holds 432 sentences of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 432 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence

Common questions about reading Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence by Ralph Waldo Emerson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Words and structures a reader meets early in Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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