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Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence
Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence is here in full — 439 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.
I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.
I see its presence to them.
I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.
They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence is here in full — 439 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.
Line 2
I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.
/aɪ laɪv ɪn səˈsaɪəti wɪð ˈpɜːrsənz huː ˈænsər tuː θɔːts ɪn maɪ oʊn maɪnd ɔːr ɪkˈspres ə ˈsɜːrtən oʊˈbiːdiəns tuː ðə ɡreɪt ˈɪnstɪŋkts tuː wɪtʃ aɪ laɪv/
Line 3
I see its presence to them.
/aɪ siː ɪts ˈprezəns tuː ðem/
Line 4
I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.
Line 5
They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.
/ðeɪ stɜːr ɪn miː ðə nuː ɪˈmoʊʃənz wiː kɔːl ˈpæʃən ʌv lʌv ˈheɪtrəd fɪr ˌædmərˈeɪʃən ˈpɪti ðens kʌm ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃən pərˈsweɪʒən ˈsɪtiz ənd wɔːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

certified adjective US /ˈsɜːrtəfaɪd/

endorsed authoritatively as having met certain requirements

From this reading “I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.”

competition noun US /ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃən/

a business relation in which two parties compete to gain customers

From this reading “They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.”

incarnation noun US /ˌɪnˈkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

a new personification of a familiar idea

From this reading “One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.”

instincts noun US /ˈɪnstɪŋkts/

plural of “instinct” — inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading “I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.”

mode noun US /moʊd/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading “One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.”

persuasion noun US /pərˈsweɪʒən/

the act of persuading (or attempting to persuade); communication intended to induce belief or action

From this reading “They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.”

selves noun US /selvz/

plural of “self” — your consciousness of your own identity

From this reading “I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.”

teaching noun US /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/

the profession of a teacher

From this reading “One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

admirationnounUS /ˌædmərˈeɪʃən/

a feeling of delighted approval and liking

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

certifiedadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtəfaɪd/

endorsed authoritatively as having met certain requirements

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

competitionnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃən/

a business relation in which two parties compete to gain customers

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

divineadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪn/

emanating from God

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

drawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

emotionsnounUS /ɪˈmoʊʃənz/

plural of “emotion” — any strong feeling

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

expressverbUS /ɪkˈspres/

give expression to

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

hatrednounUS /ˈheɪtrəd/

the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

incarnationnounUS /ˌɪnˈkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

a new personification of a familiar idea

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

instinctsnounUS /ˈɪnstɪŋkts/

plural of “instinct” — inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading I see its presence to them.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

modenounUS /moʊd/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

obediencenounUS /oʊˈbiːdiəns/

the act of obeying; dutiful or submissive behavior with respect to another person

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

passionnounUS /ˈpæʃən/

a strong feeling or emotion

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

persuasionnounUS /pərˈsweɪʒən/

the act of persuading (or attempting to persuade); communication intended to induce belief or action

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

pitynounUS /ˈpɪti/

a feeling of sympathy and sorrow for the misfortunes of others

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading I see its presence to them.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I see its presence to them.

selvesnounUS /selvz/

plural of “self” — your consciousness of your own identity

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

separatedadjectiveUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/

being or feeling set or kept apart from others

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

soulsnounUS /soʊlz/

plural of “soul” — the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

teachingnounUS /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/

the profession of a teacher

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading One mode of the divine teaching is the incarnation of the spirit in a form,—in forms, like my own.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I see its presence to them.

thenceadverbUS /ðens/

from that place or that time

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading I am certified of a common nature; and these other souls, these separated selves, draw me as nothing else can.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading They stir in me the new emotions we call passion; of love, hatred, fear, admiration, pity; thence come conversation, competition, persuasion, cities and war.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I live in society, with persons who answer to thoughts in my own mind, or express a certain obedience to the great instincts to which I live.

Chapter 7 of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 439 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence contain?

Chapter 7 holds 439 sentences of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 439 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence

Words and structures a reader meets early in Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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