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The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave
The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave is here in full — 483 sentences across 97 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/96 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.
For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.
So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?
I should wish really to persuade you, I replied, if I could.
Then you certainly have not succeeded.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave is here in full — 483 sentences across 97 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/96 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.
Line 2
For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.
Line 3
So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?
/soʊ hiː sed tuː miː ˈsɑːkrətiːz duː juː wɪʃ ˈrɪli tuː pərˈsweɪd ʌs ɔːr ˈoʊnli tuː siːm tuː hæv pərˈsweɪdɪd ʌs ðæt tuː biː dʒʌst ɪz ˈɔːlweɪz ˈbetər ðæn tuː biː ənˈdʒʌst/
Line 4
I should wish really to persuade you, I replied, if I could.
/aɪ ʃʊd wɪʃ ˈrɪli tuː pərˈsweɪd juː aɪ rɪˈplaɪd ɪf aɪ kʊd/
Line 5
Then you certainly have not succeeded.
/ðen juː ˈsɜːrtənli hæv nɑːt səkˈsiːdɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

discussion noun US /dɪˈskʌʃən/

an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading “SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.”

dissatisfied adjective US /dɪˈsætəsfaɪd/

in a state of sulky dissatisfaction

From this reading “For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.”

persuade verb US /pərˈsweɪd/

win approval or support for

From this reading “So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?”

persuaded verb US /pərˈsweɪdɪd/

past form of “persuade” — win approval or support for

From this reading “So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?”

pugnacious adjective US /pəɡˈnæʃɪs/

tough and callous by virtue of experience

From this reading “For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.”

retirement noun US /riˈtaɪərmənt/

the state of being retired from one's business or occupation

From this reading “For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.”

socrates noun US /ˈsɑːkrətiːz/

ancient Athenian philosopher; teacher of Plato and Xenophon (470-399 BC)

From this reading “SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.”

unjust adjective US /ənˈdʒʌst/

not fair; marked by injustice or partiality or deception

From this reading “So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Then you certainly have not succeeded.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading I should wish really to persuade you, I replied, if I could.

discussionnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃən/

an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

dissatisfiedadjectiveUS /dɪˈsætəsfaɪd/

in a state of sulky dissatisfaction

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

GLAUCON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading I should wish really to persuade you, I replied, if I could.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Then you certainly have not succeeded.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

persuadeverbUS /pərˈsweɪd/

win approval or support for

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

persuadedverbUS /pərˈsweɪdɪd/

past form of “persuade” — win approval or support for

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

pugnaciousadjectiveUS /pəɡˈnæʃɪs/

tough and callous by virtue of experience

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

repliedverbUS /rɪˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading I should wish really to persuade you, I replied, if I could.

retirementnounUS /riˈtaɪərmənt/

the state of being retired from one's business or occupation

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading I should wish really to persuade you, I replied, if I could.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

SOCRATESnounUS /ˈsɑːkrətiːz/

ancient Athenian philosopher; teacher of Plato and Xenophon (470-399 BC)

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading Then you certainly have not succeeded.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then you certainly have not succeeded.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

Thrasymachus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

unjustadjectiveUS /ənˈdʒʌst/

not fair; marked by injustice or partiality or deception

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading For Glaucon, who is always the most pugnacious of men, was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus' retirement; he wanted to have the battle out.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading SOCRATES - GLAUCON WITH these words I was thinking that I had made an end of the discussion; but the end, in truth, proved to be only a beginning.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading So he said to me: Socrates, do you wish really to persuade us, or only to seem to have persuaded us, that to be just is always better than to be unjust?

Chapter 3 of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave by Plato holds 483 sentences, grouped into 97 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave contain?

Chapter 3 holds 483 sentences of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave, unabridged, divided into 97 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave by Plato exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 483 sentences, grouped into 97 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave?

Work through the 97 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 97 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.