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The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave
The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave is here in full — 569 sentences across 114 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave
Context Illustration Reading 1/113 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.
Yes; and I think that our principles are right, he said.
But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?
Can any man be courageous who has the fear of death in him?
Certainly not, he said.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave is here in full — 569 sentences across 114 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/113 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.
Line 2
Yes; and I think that our principles are right, he said.
/jes ənd aɪ θɪŋk ðæt ˈaʊər ˈprɪnsəpəlz ɑːr raɪt hiː sed/
Line 3
But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?
/bʌt ɪf ðeɪ ɑːr tuː biː kərˈeɪdʒəs mʌst ðeɪ nɑːt lɜːrn ˈʌðər ˈlesənz bɪˈsaɪdz ðiːz ənd ˈlesənz ʌv sʌtʃ ə kaɪnd æz wɪl teɪk əˈweɪ ðə fɪr ʌv deθ/
Line 4
Can any man be courageous who has the fear of death in him?
/kæn ˈeni mæn biː kərˈeɪdʒəs huː hæz ðə fɪr ʌv deθ ɪn hɪm/
Line 5
Certainly not, he said.
/ˈsɜːrtənli nɑːt hiː sed/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

courageous adjective US /kərˈeɪdʒəs/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading “But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?”

disciples noun US /dɪˈsaɪpəlz/

plural of “disciple” — someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another

From this reading “SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.”

lessons noun US /ˈlesənz/

plural of “lesson” — a unit of instruction

From this reading “But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?”

principles noun US /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading “SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.”

socrates noun US /ˈsɑːkrətiːz/

ancient Athenian philosopher; teacher of Plato and Xenophon (470-399 BC)

From this reading “SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.”

tales noun US /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading “SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.”

theology noun US /θiˈɑːlədʒi/

the rational and systematic study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth

From this reading “SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.”

upwards adverb US /ˈʌpwərdz/

spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position

From this reading “SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

ADEIMANTUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Can any man be courageous who has the fear of death in him?

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

Canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Can any man be courageous who has the fear of death in him?

CertainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Certainly not, he said.

courageousadjectiveUS /kərˈeɪdʒəs/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

disciplesnounUS /dɪˈsaɪpəlz/

plural of “disciple” — someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

godsnounUS /ɡɑːdz/

plural of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Can any man be courageous who has the fear of death in him?

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Yes; and I think that our principles are right, he said.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Can any man be courageous who has the fear of death in him?

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Can any man be courageous who has the fear of death in him?

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

lessonsnounUS /ˈlesənz/

plural of “lesson” — a unit of instruction

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Can any man be courageous who has the fear of death in him?

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

parentsnounUS /ˈperənts/

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Yes; and I think that our principles are right, he said.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

SOCRATESnounUS /ˈsɑːkrətiːz/

ancient Athenian philosopher; teacher of Plato and Xenophon (470-399 BC)

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

SUCHdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

talesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Yes; and I think that our principles are right, he said.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

theologynounUS /θiˈɑːlədʒi/

the rational and systematic study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Yes; and I think that our principles are right, he said.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

upwardsadverbUS /ˈʌpwərdz/

spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Can any man be courageous who has the fear of death in him?

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But if they are to be courageous, must they not learn other lessons besides these, and lessons of such a kind as will take away the fear of death?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

YesnounUS /jes/

an affirmative

From this reading Yes; and I think that our principles are right, he said.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading SOCRATES - ADEIMANTUS SUCH then, I said, are our principles of theology--some tales are to be told, and others are not to be told to our disciples from their youth upwards, if we mean them to honour the gods and their parents, and to value friendship with one another.

Chapter 4 of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave by Plato holds 569 sentences, grouped into 114 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave contain?

Chapter 4 holds 569 sentences of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave, unabridged, divided into 114 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave by Plato exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 569 sentences, grouped into 114 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave?

Work through the 114 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 114 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave

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Vocabulary met early in The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.