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Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays
Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays is here in full — 390 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays
Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"
Never at court!
"Then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation."
See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.
It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays is here in full — 390 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"
Line 2
Never at court!
/ˈnevər æt kɔːrt/
Line 3
"Then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation."
/ðen ðaɪ ˈmænərz mʌst biː ˈwɪkəd ənd ˈwɪkədnəs ɪz sɪn ənd sɪn ɪz dæmˈneɪʃən/
Line 4
See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.
Line 5
It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.
/ɪt ɪz dʌn wel ɪˈnʌf tuː sɜːrv ˈaʊər ˈsoʊʃəl vərtʃuːˈɑːsɪti fɔːr ə hoʊl ˈepək ʌv ɪts dɪsˈdeɪn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

damnation noun US /dæmˈneɪʃən/

the act of damning

From this reading “"Then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation."”

disdain verb US /dɪsˈdeɪn/

look down on with disdain

From this reading “It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.”

epoch noun US /ˈepək/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading “It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.”

mock verb US /mɑːk/

treat with contempt

From this reading “See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.”

salvation noun US /sælˈveɪʃən/

(theology) the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil

From this reading “What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"”

superiority noun US /ˌsuːpɪriˈɔːrɪti/

the quality of being superior

From this reading “See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.”

virtuosity noun US /vərtʃuːˈɑːsɪti/

technical skill or fluency or style exhibited by a virtuoso

From this reading “It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.”

wickedness noun US /ˈwɪkədnəs/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading “"Then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

good manners adjective + noun

a courteous manner

In this reading “What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"”

at court preposition + noun

In this reading “Never at court!”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "Then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

asksverbUS /æsks/

third-person singular of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Never at court!

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "Then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation."

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.

Corin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

damnationnounUS /dæmˈneɪʃən/

the act of damning

From this reading "Then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation."

disdainverbUS /dɪsˈdeɪn/

look down on with disdain

From this reading It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.

epochnounUS /ˈepək/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.

essentialadjectiveUS /eˈsenʃəl/

absolutely necessary; vitally necessary

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

Grundy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation."

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.

liftverbUS /lɪft/

raise from a lower to a higher position

From this reading See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

mockverbUS /mɑːk/

treat with contempt

From this reading See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading "Then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation."

NeveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Never at court!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.

pretencenoun

a false or unsupportable quality

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

salvationnounUS /sælˈveɪʃən/

(theology) the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

SeeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.

shepherdnounUS /ˈʃepərd/

a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

shockedadjectiveUS /ʃɑːkt/

struck with fear, dread, or consternation

From this reading See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.

sinnounUS /sɪn/

estrangement from god

From this reading "Then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation."

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.

superioritynounUS /ˌsuːpɪriˈɔːrɪti/

the quality of being superior

From this reading See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading "Then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation."

thydeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading "Then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

upwardadjectiveUS /ˈʌpwərd/

directed up

From this reading See the mock Grundy lift his hands, and cast upward the look of shocked superiority.

virtuositynounUS /vərtʃuːˈɑːsɪti/

technical skill or fluency or style exhibited by a virtuoso

From this reading It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.

Wast

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading What a fine pretence he makes that good manners are essential to salvation, when he asks Corin, "Wast ever in court, shepherd?"

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading It is done well enough to serve our social virtuosity for a whole epoch of its disdain.

wickedadjectiveUS /ˈwɪkəd/

morally bad in principle or practice

From this reading "Then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation."

wickednessnounUS /ˈwɪkədnəs/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading "Then thy manners must be wicked; and wickedness is sin, and sin is damnation."

Chapter 4 of Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays by John Weiss holds 390 sentences, grouped into 78 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays contain?

Chapter 4 holds 390 sentences of Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays, unabridged, divided into 78 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays by John Weiss exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 390 sentences, grouped into 78 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays?

Work through the 78 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 78 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays

Common questions about reading Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays by John Weiss on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays?

Yes. All 4294 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #65060 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #65060, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays take to read?

About 357 minutes of reading across 859 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays section by section

How to work through Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Humor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shakspeare
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
West-easterly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Divan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Wit, Humor, and Shakspeare: Twelve Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.