Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
With Clive in India
With Clive in India

Chapter X · The Battle Of Kavaripak

Cover illustration for With Clive in India
Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.
The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.
They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.
The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.
Hoping to surprise them there, Clive marched all night.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

With Clive in India

Chapter X · The Battle Of Kavaripak

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.
Line 2
The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.
Line 3
They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.
Line 4
The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.
Line 5
Hoping to surprise them there, Clive marched all night.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.”

Already noun US /already/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.”

Camp noun US /camp/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.”

Entirely noun US /ˈentirely/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.”

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.”

Garrison noun US /ˈɡærəsən/

a group stationed to defend a place

From this reading “The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.”

Let auxiliary verb US /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading “The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.”

Take noun US /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.”

Therefore adverb US /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading “The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.”

Well noun US /well/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.”

While conjunction US /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hoping to surprise them there, Clive marched all night.

alreadynounUS /already/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

Arcot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

attacking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.

aware

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.

bodies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.

calculated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

camp

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

cavalry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

Clive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

Clive's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

commander

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

disadvantage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

distance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

eighty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

enable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

enemy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

English

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

entirelynounUS /ˈentirely/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

field

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

finally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

five

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

force

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

fortified

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

four

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

French

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

garrisonnounUS /ˈɡærəsən/

a group stationed to defend a place

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

guns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

Hoping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hoping to surprise them there, Clive marched all night.

hundred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

joined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

junction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

leaving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.

levies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

Madras

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

marched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hoping to surprise them there, Clive marched all night.

miles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

moved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

movements

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

new

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

night

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hoping to surprise them there, Clive marched all night.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

opportunity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.

orders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

puzzle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

raised

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

resolved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

Riza

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.

Sahib

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.

Sepoys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

six

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

slip

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

south

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

surprise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

tactics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

takenounUS /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hoping to surprise them there, Clive marched all night.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.

thirteen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

thousand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

troops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

twelve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

twenty-five

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

united

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The French and Riza Sahib let slip the opportunity of attacking these bodies, before they united.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

Vendalur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

way

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.

wear

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

well

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were well aware of their movements, and had resolved upon tactics, calculated in the first place to puzzle the English commander, to wear out his troops, and to enable them finally to surprise and take him entirely at a disadvantage.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The junction with the Arcot garrison raised the force under Clive's orders to three hundred and eighty English, thirteen hundred Sepoys, and six field guns, while the enemy at Vendalur, a place twenty-five miles south of Madras, where they had a fortified camp, had four hundred French troops, two thousand Sepoys, two thousand five hundred cavalry, and twelve guns.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The troops from Arcot had already moved some distance on their way to Madras, and Clive, therefore, with the new levies, joined them on the day after his leaving Madras.