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With Clive in India
With Clive in India

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of With Clive in India is here in full — 97 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.
The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.
Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.
After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.
At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

With Clive in India

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of With Clive in India is here in full — 97 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.
Line 2
The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.
Line 3
Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.
/θriː deɪz ˈæftərwərdz ˈlæli wɑːz emˈbɑːrkt ɑːn bɔːrd ʃɪp tuː biː ˈteɪkən ə ˈprɪzənər tuː ˈmædrəs ənd soʊ mʌtʃ wɑːz hiː ˈheɪtəd ðæt ðə frentʃ ˈɔːfəsərz ənd səˈvɪljənz əˈsembəld ənd hɪst ənd ˈhuːtɪd hɪm ənd hæd hiː nɑːt bɪn prəˈtektɪd baɪ hɪz ɡɑːrd wʊd hæv tɔːrn hɪm tuː ˈpiːsəz/
Line 4
After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.
Line 5
At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

batteries noun US /ˈbætəriz/

plural of “battery” — group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place

From this reading “The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.”

beheaded adjective US /bɪˈhedɪd/

having had the head cut off

From this reading “After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.”

civilians noun US /səˈvɪljənz/

plural of “civilian” — a nonmilitary citizen

From this reading “Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.”

enemy's noun US /ˈenəmiz/

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading “The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.”

hissed verb US /hɪst/

past form of “hiss” — make a sharp hissing sound, as if to show disapproval

From this reading “Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.”

hooted verb US /ˈhuːtɪd/

past form of “hoot” — to utter a loud clamorous shout

From this reading “Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.”

Lally noun US /ˈlæli/

support column consisting of a steel cylinder filled with concrete

From this reading “Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.”

Madras noun US /ˈmædrəs/

a state in southeastern India on the Bay of Bengal (south of Andhra Pradesh); formerly Madras

From this reading “Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

13th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

16th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

batteriesnounUS /ˈbætəriz/

plural of “battery” — group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

beheadedadjectiveUS /bɪˈhedɪd/

having had the head cut off

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

boardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

civiliansnounUS /səˈvɪljənz/

plural of “civilian” — a nonmilitary citizen

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

completelyadverbUS /kəmˈpliːtli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

eighty-oneadjective

being one more than eighty

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

embarkedverbUS /emˈbɑːrkt/

past form of “embark” — go on board

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

enemy'snounUS /ˈenəmiz/

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

exhaustedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/

drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

guiltyadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪlti/

responsible for or chargeable with a reprehensible act

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

hatedadjectiveUS /ˈheɪtəd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

hissedverbUS /hɪst/

past form of “hiss” — make a sharp hissing sound, as if to show disapproval

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

hootedverbUS /ˈhuːtɪd/

past form of “hoot” — to utter a loud clamorous shout

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

increasedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

IndianounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

JanuarynounUS /ˈdʒænjuːeri/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

LallynounUS /ˈlæli/

support column consisting of a steel cylinder filled with concrete

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

MadrasnounUS /ˈmædrəs/

a state in southeastern India on the Bay of Bengal (south of Andhra Pradesh); formerly Madras

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

offencenoun

the action of attacking an enemy

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

Pondicherry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

possessionsnounUS /pəˈzeʃənz/

plural of “possession” — the act of having and controlling property

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

prisonernounUS /ˈprɪzənər/

a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

protectedadjectiveUS /prəˈtektɪd/

kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

provisionsnounUS /prəˈvɪʒənz/

a stock or supply of foods

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

seventy-twoadjective

being two more than seventy

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

silencedadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənst/

reduced to silence

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

surrenderedverbUS /sərˈendərd/

past form of “surrender” — give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

ThreenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

tornadjectiveUS /tɔːrn/

having edges that are jagged from injury

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

whollyadverbUS /ˈhoʊli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

Chapter 31 of With Clive in India by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 97 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of With Clive in India contain?

Chapter 31 holds 97 sentences of With Clive in India, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of With Clive in India by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 97 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of With Clive in India?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading With Clive in India

Common questions about reading With Clive in India by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of With Clive in India?

Yes. All 5537 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18833 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of With Clive in India is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18833, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does With Clive in India take to read?

About 461 minutes of reading across 1108 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read With Clive in India section by section

How to work through With Clive in India section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of With Clive in India to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in With Clive in India

Words and structures a reader meets early in With Clive in India, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With Clive in India; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Following
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With Clive in India; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pages
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With Clive in India; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Endeavoured
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With Clive in India; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.