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With Clive in India
With Clive in India

Chapter XXXI · Home

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.
The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.
Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.
After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.
At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

With Clive in India

Chapter XXXI · Home

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.
Line 2
The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.
Line 3
Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.
Line 4
After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.
Line 5
At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.”

Being auxiliary verb US /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading “After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.”

Found noun US /found/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.”

Having auxiliary verb US /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading “After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.”

Morning noun US /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.”

Next noun US /next/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.”

Pieces noun US /pieces/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.”

Ship noun US /ship/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.”

Took noun US /took/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

13th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

16th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

afterwards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

assembled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

batteries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

beheaded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

board

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

caused

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

civilians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

completely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

conduct

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

eighty-one

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

embarked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

enemy's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

English

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

exhausted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

fire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

foundnounUS /found/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

France

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

French

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

guard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

guilty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

hated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

hissed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

hooted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

hundred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

increased

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

India

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

January

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

Lally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

loss

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

Madras

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

military

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

morningnounUS /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

much

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

nextnounUS /next/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

offence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

officers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

pieces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

Pondicherry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

possession

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

possessions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

prisoner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

prisoners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

protected

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

provisions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

return

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

seventy-two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

shipnounUS /ship/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

silenced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

surrendered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

taken

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

thousand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

Three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

tooknounUS /took/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

torn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.

town

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

tried

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After his return to France he was tried for having, by his conduct, caused the loss of the French possessions in India, and being found guilty of the offence, was beheaded.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Pondicherry two thousand and seventy-two military prisoners were taken, and three hundred and eighty-one civilians.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The fire of the batteries increased, and by the 13th of January the enemy's fire was completely silenced.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

wholly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The provisions in the town were wholly exhausted, and on the 16th the town surrendered, and the next morning the English took possession.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Three days afterwards Lally was embarked on board ship, to be taken a prisoner to Madras; and so much was he hated that the French officers and civilians assembled, and hissed and hooted him; and, had he not been protected by his guard, would have torn him to pieces.