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With Haig on the Somme
With Haig on the Somme

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of With Haig on the Somme is here in full — 115 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
With the Lewis Gun--and After!
In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."
And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.
It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.
Hundreds of fallen saplings barred their way.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

With Haig on the Somme

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of With Haig on the Somme is here in full — 115 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
With the Lewis Gun--and After!
Line 2
In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."
Line 3
And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.
/ənd sʌtʃ ə dɪˈskrɪpʃən wʊd hæv wel pæst fɔːr ðə spɑːt θruː wɪtʃ ðeɪ naʊ ˈθredɪd ðer weɪ/
Line 4
It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.
Line 5
Hundreds of fallen saplings barred their way.
/ˈhʌndrədz ʌv ˈfɑːlən ˈsæplɪŋz bɑːrd ðer weɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bramble noun US /ˈbræmbəl/

any of various rough thorny shrubs or vines

From this reading “It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.”

bristles noun US /ˈbrɪsəlz/

plural of “bristle” — a stiff fiber (coarse hair or filament); natural or synthetic

From this reading “It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.”

devastating adjective US /ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/

making light of

From this reading “It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.”

Elizabethan noun US /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading “In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."”

inscriptions noun US /ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃənz/

plural of “inscription” — letters inscribed (especially words engraved or carved) on something

From this reading “In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."”

placard verb US /ˈplækərd/

post in a public place

From this reading “In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."”

saplings noun US /ˈsæplɪŋz/

plural of “sapling” — young tree

From this reading “Hundreds of fallen saplings barred their way.”

toothbrush noun US /ˈtuːθbrəʃ/

small brush; has long handle; used to clean teeth

From this reading “It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

black cloth adjective + noun

In this reading “In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

actorsnounUS /ˈæktərz/

plural of “actor” — a theatrical performer

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading With the Lewis Gun--and After!

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading With the Lewis Gun--and After!

anglenounUS /ˈæŋɡəl/

the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

barredadjectiveUS /bɑːrd/

preventing entry or exit or a course of action

From this reading Hundreds of fallen saplings barred their way.

batteriesnounUS /ˈbætəriz/

plural of “battery” — group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

bramblenounUS /ˈbræmbəl/

any of various rough thorny shrubs or vines

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

bristlesnounUS /ˈbrɪsəlz/

plural of “bristle” — a stiff fiber (coarse hair or filament); natural or synthetic

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

bushesnounUS /ˈbʊʃəz/

plural of “bush” — a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

clothnounUS /klɔːθ/

artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.

devastatingadjectiveUS /ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/

making light of

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

ElizabethannounUS /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading Hundreds of fallen saplings barred their way.

flungverbUS /flʌŋ/

inflected form of “fling” — throw with force or recklessness

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

GunnounUS /ɡʌn/

a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading With the Lewis Gun--and After!

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

hailverbUS /heɪl/

praise vociferously

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

hangverbUS /hæŋ/

be suspended or hanging

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.

HundredsnounUS /ˈhʌndrədz/

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading Hundreds of fallen saplings barred their way.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

inscriptionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃənz/

plural of “inscription” — letters inscribed (especially words engraved or carved) on something

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

inventedverbUS /ˌɪnˈventəd/

past form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

leafnounUS /liːf/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

LewisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States rock star singer and pianist (born in 1935)

From this reading With the Lewis Gun--and After!

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.

placardverbUS /ˈplækərd/

post in a public place

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

pleasantadjectiveUS /ˈplezənt/

affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

resembledverbUS /rɪˈzembəld/

past form of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

saplingsnounUS /ˈsæplɪŋz/

plural of “sapling” — young tree

From this reading Hundreds of fallen saplings barred their way.

scene-painting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

seashorenounUS /ˈsiːʃɔːr/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.

stickingadjectiveUS /ˈstɪkɪŋ/

extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading With the Lewis Gun--and After!

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

threadedadjectiveUS /ˈθredɪd/

(of bolts or screws) having screw threads

From this reading And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

toothbrushnounUS /ˈtuːθbrəʃ/

small brush; has long handle; used to clean teeth

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

undergrowthnounUS /ˈʌndərɡroʊθ/

the brush (small trees and bushes and ferns etc.) growing beneath taller trees in a wood or forest

From this reading It _had_ been a wood--a wood of tall, straight trees in full summer leaf, with bramble bushes and pleasant undergrowth before the British batteries had flung their devastating hail into it; but now it resembled an old toothbrush more than anything else, with bristles long and short, and sticking out at every angle.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With the Lewis Gun--and After!

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading In the old Elizabethan days, before scene-painting was invented, they used to hang a placard on a black cloth behind the actors with such inscriptions as "This is the seashore," "This is a wood."

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading And such a description would have well passed for the spot through which they now threaded their way.

Chapter 18 of With Haig on the Somme by D. H. Parry holds 115 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of With Haig on the Somme contain?

Chapter 18 holds 115 sentences of With Haig on the Somme, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of With Haig on the Somme by D. H. Parry exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 115 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of With Haig on the Somme?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading With Haig on the Somme

Common questions about reading With Haig on the Somme by D. H. Parry on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of With Haig on the Somme?

Yes. All 3634 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26982 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of With Haig on the Somme is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26982, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does With Haig on the Somme take to read?

About 302 minutes of reading across 727 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read With Haig on the Somme section by section

How to work through With Haig on the Somme section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of With Haig on the Somme to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in With Haig on the Somme

Words and structures a reader meets early in With Haig on the Somme, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With Haig on the Somme; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gilbert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With Haig on the Somme; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outlaw
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With Haig on the Somme; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scarlet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With Haig on the Somme; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.