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With Lee in Virginia
With Lee in Virginia

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of With Lee in Virginia is here in full — 233 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for With Lee in Virginia
Context Illustration Reading 27/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.
Had Vincent not laid aside his whip before mounting it for the first time, he probably would never have effected a cure.
It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.
It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.
Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

With Lee in Virginia

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of With Lee in Virginia is here in full — 233 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 27/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 131–135

Line 1
Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.
Line 2
Had Vincent not laid aside his whip before mounting it for the first time, he probably would never have effected a cure.
Line 3
It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.
/ɪt wɑːz ðə fækt ðæt ðə ˈænəməl hæd noʊ ˈlɔːŋɡər ə fɪr ʌv hɪz oʊld ˈenəmi ðə wɪp æz mʌtʃ æz ðə ˈdʒenərəl kɔːrs ʌv ˈkaɪndnəs ənd ɡʊd ˈtriːtmənt ðæt hæd ɪˈfektɪd ðə tʃeɪndʒ ɪn hɪz bɪˈheɪvjər/
Line 4
It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.
Line 5
Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

altercation noun US /ˌɑːltərˈkeɪʃən/

noisy quarrel

From this reading “It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.”

behavior noun US /bɪˈheɪvjər/

manner of acting or controlling yourself

From this reading “It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.”

flog verb US /flɑːɡ/

beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading “It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.”

overseer noun US /ˈoʊvərˈsiːər/

a person who directs and manages an organization

From this reading “It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.”

planter noun US /ˈplæntər/

the owner or manager of a plantation

From this reading “Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.”

possum noun US /ˈpɑːsəm/

nocturnal arboreal marsupial having a naked prehensile tail found from southern North America to northern South America

From this reading “Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.”

restive adjective US /ˈrestɪv/

being in a tense state

From this reading “Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.”

Wildfire noun US /ˈwaɪldfaɪər/

a raging and rapidly spreading conflagration

From this reading “It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

afterwardadverbUS /ˈæftərwərd/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

altercationnounUS /ˌɑːltərˈkeɪʃən/

noisy quarrel

From this reading It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading Had Vincent not laid aside his whip before mounting it for the first time, he probably would never have effected a cure.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

bad-temperedadjective

annoyed and irritable

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

beatverbUS /biːt/

come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Had Vincent not laid aside his whip before mounting it for the first time, he probably would never have effected a cure.

behaviornounUS /bɪˈheɪvjər/

manner of acting or controlling yourself

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

cureverbUS /kjʊr/

provide a cure for, make healthy again

From this reading Had Vincent not laid aside his whip before mounting it for the first time, he probably would never have effected a cure.

Dan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

effectedadjectiveUS /ɪˈfektɪd/

settled securely and unconditionally

From this reading Had Vincent not laid aside his whip before mounting it for the first time, he probably would never have effected a cure.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

flogverbUS /flɑːɡ/

beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Had Vincent not laid aside his whip before mounting it for the first time, he probably would never have effected a cure.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

Hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Had Vincent not laid aside his whip before mounting it for the first time, he probably would never have effected a cure.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

hot-temperedadjective

quickly aroused to anger

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

ill-temperedadjective

annoyed and irritable

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.

kindnessnounUS /ˈkaɪndnəs/

the quality of being warmhearted and considerate and humane and sympathetic

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

ladnounUS /læd/

a boy or man

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Had Vincent not laid aside his whip before mounting it for the first time, he probably would never have effected a cure.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

messagenounUS /ˈmesədʒ/

a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

mountingnounUS /ˈmaʊntɪŋ/

an event that involves rising to a higher point (as in altitude or temperature or intensity etc.)

From this reading Had Vincent not laid aside his whip before mounting it for the first time, he probably would never have effected a cure.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

negronounUS /ˈniːɡroʊ/

a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Had Vincent not laid aside his whip before mounting it for the first time, he probably would never have effected a cure.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Had Vincent not laid aside his whip before mounting it for the first time, he probably would never have effected a cure.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

overseernounUS /ˈoʊvərˈsiːər/

a person who directs and manages an organization

From this reading It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.

ownernounUS /ˈoʊnər/

(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

passionateadjectiveUS /ˈpæʃənət/

having or expressing strong emotions

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

patientnounUS /ˈpeɪʃənt/

a person who requires medical care

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

Pearson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

planternounUS /ˈplæntər/

the owner or manager of a plantation

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

possumnounUS /ˈpɑːsəm/

nocturnal arboreal marsupial having a naked prehensile tail found from southern North America to northern South America

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

restiveadjectiveUS /ˈrestɪv/

being in a tense state

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Had Vincent not laid aside his whip before mounting it for the first time, he probably would never have effected a cure.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

treatmentnounUS /ˈtriːtmənt/

care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

under-standing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.

Vincent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was the fact that the animal had no longer a fear of his old enemy the whip as much as the general course of kindness and good treatment that had effected the change in his behavior.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

whipverbUS /wɪp/

beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading Had Vincent not laid aside his whip before mounting it for the first time, he probably would never have effected a cure.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.

WildfirenounUS /ˈwaɪldfaɪər/

a raging and rapidly spreading conflagration

From this reading It was just when Vincent had established a good under-standing between himself and Wildfire that he had the altercation with the overseer, whom he found about to flog the young negro Dan.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Pearson had sent the lad half an hour before on a message to some slaves at work at the other end of the estate, and had found him sitting on the ground watching a tree in which he had discovered a possum.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Had the horse been naturally ill-tempered Vincent would probably have failed, but, as he happened afterward to learn, its first owner had been a hot-tempered and passionate young planter, who, instead of being patient with it, had beat it about the head, and so rendered it restive and bad-tempered.

Chapter 1 of With Lee in Virginia by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 233 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of With Lee in Virginia contain?

Chapter 1 holds 233 sentences of With Lee in Virginia, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of With Lee in Virginia by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 233 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of With Lee in Virginia?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading With Lee in Virginia

Common questions about reading With Lee in Virginia by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of With Lee in Virginia?

Yes. All 5838 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2805 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of With Lee in Virginia is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2805, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does With Lee in Virginia take to read?

About 486 minutes of reading across 1168 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read With Lee in Virginia section by section

How to work through With Lee in Virginia section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of With Lee in Virginia to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in With Lee in Virginia

Words and structures a reader meets early in With Lee in Virginia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Won't
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With Lee in Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pearson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With Lee in Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Talking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With Lee in Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shouldn't
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With Lee in Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.