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With Ski & Sledge Over Arctic Glaciers
With Ski & Sledge Over Arctic Glaciers

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of With Ski & Sledge Over Arctic Glaciers is here in full — 365 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/73 · 5 lines
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GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.
On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with inland ice.”
Now, if the phrase inland ice merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.
Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.
In fact, Nansen, in his book on Greenland, always uses the term inland ice to describe the great interior ice-covering.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

With Ski & Sledge Over Arctic Glaciers

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of With Ski & Sledge Over Arctic Glaciers is here in full — 365 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/73 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.
Line 2
On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered withinland ice.”
Line 3
Now, if the phraseinland icemerely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.
Line 4
Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.
/moʊst ˈpɜːrsənz ʌv huːm aɪ hæv ˌɪnˈkwaɪərd rəˈsiːv frʌm ɪt ə ˈdɪfərənt ˌɪmˈpreʃən ənd dʒʌdʒ ɪt tuː biː dɪˈskrɪptɪv ʌv ə kəmˈpliːt ənd kənˈtɪnjuːəs ˈaɪsi ˈmæntəl ɪnˈveləpɪŋ ə hoʊl ˈkʌntri æz ˈɡriːnlənd fɔːr ˈɪnstəns ɪz enˈveləpt/
Line 5
In fact, Nansen, in his book on Greenland, always uses the terminland iceto describe the great interior ice-covering.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abolished verb US /əˈbɑːlɪʃt/

past form of “abolish” — do away with

From this reading “Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.”

areas noun US /ˈeriəz/

plural of “area” — a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography)

From this reading “GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.”

Caucasus noun US /ˈkɔːkəsəs/

the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia

From this reading “Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.”

descriptive adjective US /dɪˈskrɪptɪv/

serving to describe or inform or characterized by description

From this reading “Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.”

enveloping adjective US /ɪnˈveləpɪŋ/

surrounding and closing in on or hemming in

From this reading “Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.”

geographical adjective US /ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkəl/

of or relating to the science of geography

From this reading “GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.”

glaciers noun US /ˈɡleɪʃərz/

plural of “glacier” — a slowly moving mass of ice

From this reading “Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.”

Greenland noun US /ˈɡriːnlənd/

the largest island in the world; lies between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean; a self-governing province of Denmark

From this reading “Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most interesting adverb + adjective

In this reading “GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.”

for instance preposition + noun

as an example

In this reading “Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.”

whole country adjective + noun

In this reading “Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.”

In fact preposition + noun

in reality or actuality

In this reading “In fact, Nansen, in his book on Greenland, always uses the term “inland ice” to describe the great interior ice-covering.”

receive from verb + particle

In this reading “Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.”

map of verb + particle

In this reading “On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.””

at the time preposition + article + noun counted as “at … time”

simultaneously

In this reading “On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.””

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

abolishedverbUS /əˈbɑːlɪʃt/

past form of “abolish” — do away with

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

advisableadjectiveUS /ədˈvaɪzəbəl/

worthy of being recommended or suggested; prudent or wise

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

AlpsnounUS /ælps/

a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading In fact, Nansen, in his book on Greenland, always uses the term “inland ice” to describe the great interior ice-covering.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

appliedadjectiveUS /əˈplaɪd/

concerned with concrete problems or data rather than with fundamental principles

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

arcticnounUS /ˈɑːrktɪk/

the regions to the north of the Arctic Circle centered on the North Pole

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

areasnounUS /ˈeriəz/

plural of “area” — a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography)

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading In fact, Nansen, in his book on Greenland, always uses the term “inland ice” to describe the great interior ice-covering.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

brieflyadverbUS /ˈbriːfli/

for a short time

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

CaucasusnounUS /ˈkɔːkəsəs/

the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

chartnounUS /tʃɑːrt/

a visual display of information

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

continuousadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəs/

continuing in time or space without interruption

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

correctlyadverbUS /kərˈektli/

in an accurate manner

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

describeverbUS /dɪˈskraɪb/

give a description of

From this reading In fact, Nansen, in his book on Greenland, always uses the term “inland ice” to describe the great interior ice-covering.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

descriptiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈskrɪptɪv/

serving to describe or inform or characterized by description

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

districtnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

envelopedverbUS /enˈveləpt/

past form of “envelop” — enclose or enfold completely with or as if with a covering

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

envelopingadjectiveUS /ɪnˈveləpɪŋ/

surrounding and closing in on or hemming in

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

existingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/

presently existing

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

explorationnounUS /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃən/

to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading In fact, Nansen, in his book on Greenland, always uses the term “inland ice” to describe the great interior ice-covering.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

Garwood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

GEOGRAPHICALadjectiveUS /ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkəl/

of or relating to the science of geography

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

glaciersnounUS /ˈɡleɪʃərz/

plural of “glacier” — a slowly moving mass of ice

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading In fact, Nansen, in his book on Greenland, always uses the term “inland ice” to describe the great interior ice-covering.

GreenlandnounUS /ˈɡriːnlənd/

the largest island in the world; lies between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean; a self-governing province of Denmark

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In fact, Nansen, in his book on Greenland, always uses the term “inland ice” to describe the great interior ice-covering.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

icenounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

ice-covering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In fact, Nansen, in his book on Greenland, always uses the term “inland ice” to describe the great interior ice-covering.

icyadjectiveUS /ˈaɪsi/

devoid of warmth and cordiality; expressive of unfriendliness or disdain

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

impressionnounUS /ˌɪmˈpreʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

indicateverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪt/

be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

inlandadjectiveUS /ˈɪnlænd/

situated away from an area's coast or border

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

inquiredverbUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪərd/

past form of “inquire” — address a question to and expect an answer from

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

interioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

judgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

labours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

mantlenounUS /ˈmæntəl/

the cloak as a symbol of authority

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

mapverbUS /mæp/

make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

Nansennoun

Norwegian explorer of the Arctic and director of the League of Nations relief program for refugees of World War I (1861-1930)

From this reading In fact, Nansen, in his book on Greenland, always uses the term “inland ice” to describe the great interior ice-covering.

Nordenskiöld's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

phrasenounUS /freɪz/

an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

receiveverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

RESULTSnounUS /rɪˈzʌlts/

plural of “result” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

seasonsnounUS /ˈsiːzənz/

plural of “season” — a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

snow-mountains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

Spitsbergennoun

islands in the Svalbard archipelago to the east of northern Greenland; belonging to Norway

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

structurenounUS /ˈstrʌktʃər/

a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading In fact, Nansen, in his book on Greenland, always uses the term “inland ice” to describe the great interior ice-covering.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

uselessadjectiveUS /ˈjuːsləs/

having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully

From this reading Now, if the phrase “inland ice” merely means glaciers, so that it may be correctly applied to the glaciers of any district of snow-mountains, such as the Alps or Caucasus, it is a useless phrase, and ought to be abolished.

usesnounUS /ˈjuːsəz/

plural of “use” — the act of using

From this reading In fact, Nansen, in his book on Greenland, always uses the term “inland ice” to describe the great interior ice-covering.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS Before taking leave of the reader it seems advisable to indicate briefly the general geographical results of our two seasons of exploration in the interior of Spitsbergen, and to state what is now known about the structure of the surface of one of the most interesting areas of arctic land.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Most persons of whom I have inquired receive from it a different impression, and judge it to be descriptive of a complete and continuous icy mantle enveloping a whole country, as Greenland, for instance, is enveloped.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading On Nordenskiöld’s chart, the best map of Spitsbergen existing at the time when we began our labours, both Garwood Land and King James Land are described as covered with “inland ice.”

Chapter 13 of With Ski & Sledge Over Arctic Glaciers by William Martin, Sir Conway holds 365 sentences, grouped into 73 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 13 holds 365 sentences of With Ski & Sledge Over Arctic Glaciers, unabridged, divided into 73 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of With Ski & Sledge Over Arctic Glaciers by William Martin, Sir Conway exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 365 sentences, grouped into 73 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #52435, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in With Ski & Sledge Over Arctic Glaciers

Words and structures a reader meets early in With Ski & Sledge Over Arctic Glaciers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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