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With the Persian Expedition
With the Persian Expedition

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of With the Persian Expedition is here in full — 77 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
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OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.
It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.
The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.
But four consecutive days of fine weather effected a transformation.
The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

With the Persian Expedition

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of With the Persian Expedition is here in full — 77 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.
Line 2
It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.
Line 3
The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.
Line 4
But four consecutive days of fine weather effected a transformation.
/bʌt fɔːr kənˈsɛk.jə.tɪv deɪz ʌv faɪn ˈweðər ɪˈfektɪd ə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən/
Line 5
The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.
/ðə hiːt ʌv ðə sʌn kənˈvɜːrtɪd ðə ˈlɪkwəd mʌd ʌv ðə pleɪnz ˈɪntuː ˈhæfbeɪkt kleɪ ənd ðə roʊd ˌɪtˈself ʃoʊd ə hɑːrd krʌst əˈpɑːn ɪts ˈsɜːrfəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bagdad noun US /ˈbæɡdæd/

capital and largest city of Iraq; located on the Tigris River

From this reading “OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.”

consecutive adjective US /kənˈsɛk.jə.tɪv/

Following continuously in unbroken sequence.

From this reading “But four consecutive days of fine weather effected a transformation.”

contingent noun US /kənˈtɪndʒənt/

a gathering of persons representative of some larger group

From this reading “It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.”

half-baked adjective US /ˈhæfbeɪkt/

foolish; totally unsound

From this reading “The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.”

impassable adjective US /ˌɪmˈpæsəbəl/

incapable of being passed

From this reading “The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.”

intermittent adjective US /ˌɪntərˈmɪtənt/

stopping and starting at irregular intervals

From this reading “It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.”

quagmire noun US /ˈkwæɡmaɪər/

a soft wet area of low-lying land that sinks underfoot

From this reading “The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.”

rainfall noun US /ˈreɪnfɔːl/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading “It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fine weather adjective + noun

In this reading “But four consecutive days of fine weather effected a transformation.”

under canvas preposition + noun

In this reading “The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1918

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

AunounUS /oʊ/

a soft yellow malleable ductile (trivalent and univalent) metallic element; occurs mainly as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits; does not react with most chemicals but is attacked by chlorine and aqua regia

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

BagdadnounUS /ˈbæɡdæd/

capital and largest city of Iraq; located on the Tigris River

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

Baqubah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But four consecutive days of fine weather effected a transformation.

canvasnounUS /ˈkænvəs/

a heavy, closely woven fabric (used for clothing or chairs or sails or tents)

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

claynounUS /kleɪ/

a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

consecutiveadjectiveUS /kənˈsɛk.jə.tɪv/

Following continuously in unbroken sequence.

From this reading But four consecutive days of fine weather effected a transformation.

contingentnounUS /kənˈtɪndʒənt/

a gathering of persons representative of some larger group

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

convertedverbUS /kənˈvɜːrtɪd/

past form of “convert” — change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

crustnounUS /krʌst/

the outer layer of the Earth

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

CustomsnounUS /ˈkʌstəmz/

money collected under a tariff

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading But four consecutive days of fine weather effected a transformation.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

desolationnounUS /ˌdesəˈleɪʃən/

the state of being decayed or destroyed

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

Diala

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

direadjectiveUS /daɪr/

fraught with extreme danger; nearly hopeless

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

Dunsterville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

effectedadjectiveUS /ɪˈfektɪd/

settled securely and unconditionally

From this reading But four consecutive days of fine weather effected a transformation.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading But four consecutive days of fine weather effected a transformation.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

fortsnounUS /fɔːrts/

plural of “fort” — a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading But four consecutive days of fine weather effected a transformation.

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

half-bakedadjectiveUS /ˈhæfbeɪkt/

foolish; totally unsound

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

Hamadan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

impassableadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpæsəbəl/

incapable of being passed

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

intermittentadjectiveUS /ˌɪntərˈmɪtənt/

stopping and starting at irregular intervals

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

liquidadjectiveUS /ˈlɪkwəd/

existing as or having characteristics of a liquid; especially tending to flow

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

messnounUS /mes/

a state of confusion and disorderliness

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

MethodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

motornounUS /ˈmoʊtər/

machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

north-eastadverbUS /ˌnɔːrˈθiːst/

to, toward, or in the northeast

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

OFFadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

PERSIAnounUS /ˈpɜːrʒə/

an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

PersiannounUS /ˈpɜːrʒən/

a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

practicallyadverbUS /ˈpræktɪkli/

almost; nearly

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

quagmirenounUS /ˈkwæɡmaɪər/

a soft wet area of low-lying land that sinks underfoot

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

rainfallnounUS /ˈreɪnfɔːl/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

reportedadjectiveUS /ˌriːˈpɔːrtɪd/

made known or told about; especially presented in a formal account

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

revoir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

rifleverbUS /ˈraɪfəl/

steal goods; take as spoils

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

straitsnounUS /streɪts/

a bad or difficult situation or state of affairs

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

thievesnounUS /θiːvz/

plural of “thief” — a criminal who takes property belonging to someone else with the intention of keeping it or selling it

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

transformationnounUS /ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən/

a qualitative change

From this reading But four consecutive days of fine weather effected a transformation.

transportnounUS /trænˈspɔːrt/

something that serves as a means of transportation

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

undergroundadjectiveUS /ˈʌndərɡraʊnd/

under the level of the ground

From this reading OFF TO PERSIA Au revoir to Bagdad--The forts on the frontier--Customs house for the dead--A land of desolation and death--A city of the past--An underground mess--Methods of rifle thieves.

unitnounUS /ˈjuːnət/

any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange

From this reading The advanced base near Baqubah on the Diala River, north-east of Bagdad, where some of our unit were under canvas, was a quagmire; and the road beyond the Persian frontier was reported to be impassable for man, motor, or animal transport.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The heat of the sun converted the liquid mud of the plains into half-baked clay, and the road itself showed a hard crust upon its surface.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading But four consecutive days of fine weather effected a transformation.

weatherbound

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading It was not until the beginning of April (1918) that the intermittent rainfall practically ceased, and allowed a contingent of the weatherbound Dunsterville party to turn their faces towards Hamadan, where our General and his small force were said to be in dire straits.

Chapter 8 of With the Persian Expedition by Martin Henry Donohoe holds 77 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of With the Persian Expedition contain?

Chapter 8 holds 77 sentences of With the Persian Expedition, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of With the Persian Expedition by Martin Henry Donohoe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 77 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of With the Persian Expedition?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of With the Persian Expedition?

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Project Gutenberg eBook #63224, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 210 minutes of reading across 506 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in With the Persian Expedition

Words and structures a reader meets early in With the Persian Expedition, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Concluding
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With the Persian Expedition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With the Persian Expedition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lives
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With the Persian Expedition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of With the Persian Expedition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.