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With Washington in the west
With Washington in the west

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of With Washington in the west is here in full — 107 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.
Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.
Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.
On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.
The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

With Washington in the west

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of With Washington in the west is here in full — 107 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.
Line 2
Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.
Line 3
Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.
Line 4
On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.
Line 5
The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

obstruction noun US /əbˈstrʌkʃən/

any structure that makes progress difficult

From this reading “CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.”

overlapping noun US /ˈoʊvərlæpɪŋ/

covering with a design in which one element covers a part of another (as with tiles or shingles)

From this reading “The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.”

primeval adjective US /praɪˈmiːvəl/

having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state

From this reading “On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.”

sprawled verb US /sprɔːld/

past form of “sprawl” — sit or lie with one's limbs spread out

From this reading “The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.”

trails noun US /treɪlz/

plural of “trail” — a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading “CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.”

trips noun US /trɪps/

plural of “trip” — a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

From this reading “Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.”

truthfully adverb US /ˈtruːθfəli/

with truth

From this reading “CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.”

Will's noun US /wɪlz/

possessive form of “will” — the capability of conscious choice and decision and intention

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

primeval forest adjective + noun

In this reading “On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.”

wild animals adjective + noun counted as “wild animal”

In this reading “CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.”

straight lines adjective + noun counted as “straight line”

a line traced by a point traveling in a constant direction; a line of zero curvature

In this reading “CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.”

all directions adjective + noun counted as “all direction”

In this reading “The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.”

keep back verb + particle

secure and keep for possible future use or application

In this reading “The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

axenounUS /æks/

an edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle

From this reading On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

bushesnounUS /ˈbʊʃəz/

plural of “bush” — a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

CARRIEDverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

child'snounUS /tʃaɪldz/

possessive form of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

CreeknounUS /kriːk/

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

creepingnounUS /ˈkriːpɪŋ/

a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

Dave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

directionsnounUS /dərˈekʃənz/

plural of “direction” — a line leading to a place or point

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

DOWNadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

experiencedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspɪriənst/

having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

giganticadjectiveUS /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

improvementnounUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvmənt/

a change for the better; progress in development

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

intrudernounUS /ˌɪnˈtruːdər/

someone who intrudes on the privacy or property of another without permission

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

obstructionnounUS /əbˈstrʌkʃən/

any structure that makes progress difficult

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

overlappingnounUS /ˈoʊvərlæpɪŋ/

covering with a design in which one element covers a part of another (as with tiles or shingles)

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

primevaladjectiveUS /praɪˈmiːvəl/

having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state

From this reading On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.

principalnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

rarelyadverbUS /ˈrerli/

not often

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

realizedadjectiveUS /ˈriːəlaɪzd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

RIVERnounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

rootsnounUS /ruːts/

the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

rough-barked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

Shenandoah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

snake-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

sprawledverbUS /sprɔːld/

past form of “sprawl” — sit or lie with one's limbs spread out

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

sturdyadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Even the Indians rarely made an improvement, no matter how necessary, so that the trails remained as they were for generation after generation.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

toweringadjectiveUS /ˈtaʊərɪŋ/

of imposing height; especially standing out above others

From this reading On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.

trailnounUS /treɪl/

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

trailsnounUS /treɪlz/

plural of “trail” — a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.

tripsnounUS /trɪps/

plural of “trip” — a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

truthfullyadverbUS /ˈtruːθfəli/

with truth

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

vinesnounUS /vaɪnz/

plural of “vine” — a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface

From this reading The roots, heavy and snake-like, sprawled in all directions, and growing between these were short, sturdy bushes and creeping vines, often overlapping the trail, as though to keep back any human intruder.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

westwardadverbUS /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

Will'snounUS /wɪlz/

possessive form of “will” — the capability of conscious choice and decision and intention

From this reading Dave had experienced some of the difficulties of trail following in his trips from Will’s Creek to the East, but he had not been out over a day on the journey westward before he realized that what had been left behind was as child’s play to what was before him.

woundnounUS /waʊnd/

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading CARRIED DOWN THE RIVER It has truthfully been said that in those days the principal trails west of the Shenandoah were those which had been made by the wild animals and the Indians, and these trails never ran in anything like straight lines, but wound in and out around every obstruction.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading On every hand was the gigantic primeval forest, where the towering, rough-barked trees had never yet felt the edge of a white man’s axe.

Chapter 18 of With Washington in the west by Edward Stratemeyer holds 107 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of With Washington in the west contain?

Chapter 18 holds 107 sentences of With Washington in the west, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of With Washington in the west by Edward Stratemeyer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 107 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of With Washington in the west?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading With Washington in the west

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Chapter 2
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