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Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland
Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland is here in full — 431 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.
It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.
They all understood that, and especially Aniela.
"I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."
She trusts me altogether.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland is here in full — 431 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.
/ɪn ðə ˈhɜːri ðə ˈsʌdən ʃɑːk ənd ˈʌndər ðə ˈhɔːrər ʌv maɪ ˈfɑːðərz ˈlaɪkli deθ aɪ kʊd nɑːt spiːk ʌv lʌv ənd ˈmerɪdʒ/
Line 2
It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.
/ɪt siːmd əˈɡenst ˈneɪtʃər ˈɔːlmoʊst ə ˈbruːtəl θɪŋ tuː ˈwɪspər wɜːrdz ʌv lʌv nɑːt ˈnoʊɪŋ ˈweðər æt ðə seɪm taɪm maɪ ˈfɑːðər maɪt nɑːt biː ˈbriːðɪŋ hɪz læst/
Line 3
They all understood that, and especially Aniela.
Line 4
"I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."
/aɪ wɪl raɪt tuː juː frʌm roʊm aɪ sed bɪˈfɔːr ˈstɑːrtɪŋ tuː wɪtʃ ʃiː rɪˈplaɪd meɪ ɡɑːd ˈkʌmfərt juː fɜːrst/
Line 5
She trusts me altogether.
/ʃiː trʌsts miː ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

breathing noun US /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation

From this reading “It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.”

brutal adjective US /ˈbruːtəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading “It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.”

horror noun US /ˈhɔːrər/

intense and profound fear

From this reading “In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.”

Rome noun US /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading “"I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."”

shock noun US /ʃɑːk/

the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally

From this reading “In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.”

starting adjective US /ˈstɑːrtɪŋ/

(especially of eyes) bulging or protruding as with fear

From this reading “"I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."”

trusts noun US /trʌsts/

plural of “trust” — something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading “She trusts me altogether.”

whisper noun US /ˈwɪspər/

speaking softly without vibration of the vocal cords

From this reading “It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading They all understood that, and especially Aniela.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading She trusts me altogether.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

Aniela

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They all understood that, and especially Aniela.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

breathingnounUS /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

brutaladjectiveUS /ˈbruːtəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading They all understood that, and especially Aniela.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

horrornounUS /ˈhɔːrər/

intense and profound fear

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

hurrynounUS /ˈhɜːri/

a condition of urgency making it necessary to hurry

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

knowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading She trusts me altogether.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

repliedverbUS /rɪˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

shocknounUS /ʃɑːk/

the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

startingadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtɪŋ/

(especially of eyes) bulging or protruding as with fear

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They all understood that, and especially Aniela.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They all understood that, and especially Aniela.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

trustsnounUS /trʌsts/

plural of “trust” — something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading She trusts me altogether.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading In the hurry, the sudden shock, and under the horror of my father's likely death, I could not speak of love and marriage.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading They all understood that, and especially Aniela.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

whispernounUS /ˈwɪspər/

speaking softly without vibration of the vocal cords

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading It seemed against nature, almost a brutal thing, to whisper words of love, not knowing whether at the same time my father might not be breathing his last.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "I will write to you from Rome," I said before starting; to which she replied: "May God comfort you first."

Chapter 4 of Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland by Henryk Sienkiewicz holds 431 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland contain?

Chapter 4 holds 431 sentences of Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland by Henryk Sienkiewicz exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 431 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 7940 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11686 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11686, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1588 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland

Words and structures a reader meets early in Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Without
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dogma
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Modern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Without Dogma: A Novel of Modern Poland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.